tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18891428967650700342023-11-15T05:52:20.023-08:00How to write a good term paperdhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.comBlogger156125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-72987855053021576922020-08-25T00:33:00.001-07:002020-08-25T00:33:04.586-07:00Chinese Parenting StyleAmy Chua, a ââ¬Ëtiger momââ¬â¢, shared her Chinese child rearing style with people in general through distributing book and composing article. Her cruel and inflexible child rearing style raised bunches of conversation and worry around people in general. They all bring up an issue this child rearing style can assist youngsters with succeeding later on? I figure it may not be that simple to bring up a youngster with brutal child rearing style. To a huge degree, I differ the unforgiving child rearing style equivalent a superior eventual fate of the youngster. First we need to characterize what ââ¬Ëtiger momââ¬â¢ is.It is a Chinese child rearing style that cruelly and intensely pushes their youngsters to meet their objective or desire, as a rule in the part of scholastic. As I would see it, better future incorporates better physical and psychological wellness, riches. As per an exploration which is finished by Desiree Baolian Qin, a teacher in the division of human turn of e vents and family learns at Michigan State University, Chinese-American children were increasingly disadvantageous concerning levels of tension and discouragement and the measure of contention in their families when looking at European-American kids.The guardians couldn't care less what their childrenââ¬â¢s feeling and observation is. The guardians utilize their position to push their youngsters. There is a high chance of contention between various desire from guardians and kids. As now and then guardians have elevated requirement to kids, this put enormous measure of focus on kids. Along these lines, it triggers a specific degree of tension of kids. These mix cause youngsters to turn out to be low confidence. In spite of the fact that they will end up being a calling later on, they have a terrible relationship and a negative impact on parents.Also, extreme child rearing style will influence childrenââ¬â¢s correspondence aptitude that to a great extent identify with better futu re. Like well known tiger parent Amy Chua, she doesn't permit her girl to remain at school to play with companions after school. A key idea of tutoring is creating studentsââ¬â¢ social and relational abilities. Guardians don't let their kids to go out yet follow their tied calendar. The youngsters will get not amiable. In working environment, there are apply proficient abilities as well as correspondence and social aptitudes that help individuals to elevate to upper administrative level and work ffectively. Along these lines, tiger mother isn't equivalent to a superior future. Be that as it may, a coin has different sides, albeit Chinese child rearing style is mean, it has certain favorable circumstances on childrenââ¬â¢s future. Concentrating on exertion however not innate capacity is a component or preferred position of Chinese child rearing style. Likewise, it is the key of recognizing American and Chinese child rearing style. Amy Chua doesnââ¬â¢t let her children accept they canââ¬â¢t succeed. The style supports the kids with instilling the idea of buckling down. It pushes kids to restrain to achieve the objective which is set by their parents.This let the kids understand that they can make it when buckling down. It slowly builds up their self-assurance and assurance to achieve an objective. It is decidedly ready for future to work with partners. The individual in question will turn into a persevering and decided individual in working environment. These are significant element of high situation in the executives level. Along these lines, a tiger mother approaches a superior future thusly. In addition, in spite of the fact that guardians giving bunches of weight on youngsters will make the relationship tight, it trains kids AQ when living and working under pressure.Adversity Quotient (AQ) is the capacity of an individual to manage issues. Chinese child rearing style cruelly push kids to accomplish certain objectives which isn't anything but diff icult to achieve. In this time, kids need to think about certain approaches to adapt to the issues to fulfill their parentsââ¬â¢ want. Therefore, the aptitudes of critical thinking are noteworthy in working environment and furthermore live autonomously. In any case, this style will generally impact youngsters feeling when there is high chance that contention among kids and parents.Even a few children have been analyzed of mind-set issue. This to a great extent influences the connection among guardians and kids and causes clearly intellectually undesirable. Along these lines, this is a superior future for a kid. All in all, I concede Chinese child rearing style improves kids capacity of issues unraveling and builds up their assurance mind that give them a superior future and accomplishment. Nonetheless, the child rearing style is hugely unbending to a child that effectively hurts their regard and devastates family relationship.It will give a negative memory in their brain, even ge t an unrecoverable injury in their heart. Despite the fact that their future is brilliant and remembered, they have negative inclination and history in their brain that I am not notice as ââ¬Ëbetter futureââ¬â¢. Consequently, I differ a tiger mother rises to a superior future in a little degree. Reference list: http://www. livescience. com/18023-tiger-child rearing extreme children. html http://www. raisesmartkid. com/all-ages/1-articles/47-tyrant exacting child rearing versus tolerant which-is-better dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-56418933925044075332020-08-22T02:39:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:39:29.287-07:00Relationship between society and education EssayConnection BETWEEN SOCIETY AND EDUCATION Presentation Numerous sociologists have seen that there is a solid connection among training and society. This perception is a result of the way that it is preposterous to expect to separate or draw any line of division between the two ideas. This is a direct result of the way that what befalls the instructive framework without a doubt influences the general public, the youthful in its own picture. The segments of the instructive framework that establish superbly characterized realities and which have a similar reality as another social certainty are between related. They are between related inside, with the goal that a given instruction framework has solidarity and consistency, and furthermore remotely so the training framework mirrors a societyââ¬â¢s good and scholarly qualities. Ottaway (1980) characterized society as the entire scope of social connections of individuals living in a specific geological region and having a sentiment of having a place with a similar sort of gathering. In each general public, in the case of creating or created, unpredictable or crude, there is constantly an instruction framework. Training frameworks are not the equivalent, as no two social orders are indistinguishable. Accordingly, instruction frameworks contrast from society to society and their points, substance and strategies likewise vary starting with one society then onto the next. From the prior, one may hypothesize that instructive establishments are small scale social orders, which reflect the whole society. This is one reason why social orders attempt to develop instruction frameworks andâ policies that would address the issues, convictions, perspectives and the goals of their kin. Havighurst (1968) saw that the best approach to comprehend a societyââ¬â¢s training framework is to see how it is identified with the other essential organizations of that society, specifically the family, the congregation, mosque,the express, the country and the economy. Connection among Education and Society We have considered training to be specific as a methods for social transmission starting with one age then on to the next. The guardians are the primary instructors of the kid they despite everything keep up an educative capacity all through the early and early stages of a youngster. In the vast majority of the creating countries of the world, including Nigeria, guardians are answerable for sending their youngsters or wards to class. Since these countries are experiencing quick financial and political changes, they witness unique issues including the fitting training framework, which will have the option to deliver the satisfactory labor needs in all the sections of the general public. . Schools are built up in numerous social orders of the world in order to impart in the students those skillââ¬â¢s which will manage the cost of them the chance of taking their legitimate situations in the general public; however this capacity can't be sufficiently practiced without the help of the home on the grounds that both the home and the school perform complimentary capacities in the good and scholarly improvemen t of the kid. This implies the youngster can't be taught in a vacuum or in separation. In this way, for a kid to be instructed there must be communication among him and his physical and social condition. By this we imply that training is the advancement of character. It is something which goes on both inside and outside the home and in the school. As it were, training is a movement of the entire network. This implies instruction is utilized in the transmission of the social qualities. One significant ramifications of taking a gander at training as the transmitter of social qualities is the way that instruction can be affected by the way of life of the general public in which it happens. Thus, one may induce that for a youngster to be taught, he should be impacted by his condition and, thusly, be fit for affecting it. Also, it is just by the idea of the consistent cooperation of the individual and his general public that the improvement of character can be appropriately comprehended. We have noted aboveâ that instruction is a methods through which the social estimations of a specific culture are transmitted starting with one age then onto the next. Through this procedure, the general public can accomplish essential social congruity and guarantee that its conventional qualities, convictions, mentalities and desires are kept up and protected. Clarks (1948) saw that a general information and acknowledgment of the beliefs and points of our general public is fundamenta l for every one of its residents, and it must be accomplished through training yet in a structure, which makes it good with opportunity. So he accommodates the twofold reason by saying that as a matter of fact, the motivation behind the educative society might be to make men similar. In any case, overmastering that must be the reason to make men free. A general public needs a steady and dynamic arrangement of qualities and a ,bound together reason. It is the point at which this is found out that significant financial, political and social projects can be left upon for the general advantages of the residents. To be a completely built up an individual in such a general public, infers full and imaginative enrollment of it with forces to transform it. Ottaway (1980) battled that the transmission of culture despite everything stays a fundamental capacity, and isn't to be excused as only preservationist in the feeling of being antiquated. He further saw that our kids are conceivably the general public of things to come, which despite everything has a place with the non-social network, and training in this regard can be viewed as a socialization of the youthful. Instruction relies upon the all out lifestyle of a people in a general public. This proposes the kind of training gave will vary from society to society. Also, every general publ ic has her own standards, qualities and her own optimal people who stand apart unmistakably for the more youthful ages to imitate. Since every one of these social orders are not the equivalent, at that point it implies that a man is viewed as a legend in one society in light of his commitments to instructive improvement of the general public may not be viewed as such in another general public where training isn't given need in the plan of their day by day exercises. It, in this way, infers youngsters have various individuals to copy in various social orders. It is coherent to expect that the sort instruction given in every general public will change occasionally as the general public changes. Numerous scholars have contended that instruction is one of the reasons for social change in the general public, however another way of thinking is of the conclusion, that instructive change will in general follow different socialâ changes, as opposed to start them. Ottaway (1980) saw that thoughts of progress begin in the brains of men; frequently in the psyche of a solitary man. Outstanding people imagine new procedures and propound new qualities for their general public. These thoughts emerge from the effect of man on his way of life, yet don't change the way of life until they are shared and transmitted by a social gathering. In his own accommodation, Boocock (1972) noticed that social orders experiencing quick social change or modernization have uncommon issues in adjusting the instructive framework to the labor needs of the world. They regularly endure deficiencies of people with exceptional sort of instruction in designing and other specialized fields and may experience issues in keeping people with important abilities once they have finished their training. Another zone of the connection among instruction and society is through the course of action of the whole society into a various leveled request that is, through the social structure where training plays a conspicuous and huge job in fixing taught people into social classes. Ottaway (1980) saw that instruction is the way toward planning individuals to fit into this unpredictable social structure and to assume specific social jobs as individuals from more than one institutional gathering. People need to figure out how to be fathers or moms, teachers or government employees, retailers or ministers. They need to figure out how to keep the law, to see how they are administered and to be set up to attempt to change the social moves when they see that they can be improved. Training as a social wonder is likewise worried about the arrangement of the kid for his future occupation throughout everyday life. This is one of the fundamental financial elements of instruction and this is in light of a legitimate concern for both the country and the person. Through instruction an individual knows the structure of the general public and the various sorts of connections that exist among those structures in the general public. The youngster is instructed how to perform var ious jobs inside the social structure in the general public. These jobs are between related. For instance, the job of a dad is a social job; a dad could be a child to someone else. So instruction permits the kid to play out his job satisfactorily inside the social structure in the general public. What's more, the youngster can comprehend the system of between connections among the diverse social foundations that make up the general public. . Additionally of significance are the various capacities that are performed by every social establishment in the general public. Like an individual, every foundation has unequivocal capacities to act in the general public and the elements of every establishment vary starting with one then onto the next despite the fact that they are complimentary. Another part of the connection among training and society is in the region of social cooperation. Social connection might be characterized as any connection among individuals and gatherings, which changes the conduct of the individuals in the gathering. There is a requirement for social association by the youngster before he could secure the way of life of his general public. This association in the general public is accordingly part of the childââ¬â¢s instruction, gave that, that sort of communication achieves positive changes in the childââ¬â¢s conduct the correct way as required by the instructive framework. One significant point here is that the kid has been partaking in bunch association some time before he begins to go to class and the most widely recognized among these gathering connections are inside the family and the friend gathering. These gatherings where th dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-70149453858648673822020-07-26T11:45:00.001-07:002020-07-26T11:45:04.492-07:00Insights into The B2B Buyer Journey Insights into The B2B Buyer Journey âB2Bâ stands for âbusiness-to-businessâ, which immediately differentiates it from the other business models, such as the business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C) and the business-to-government (B2G) models. However, there are still some gray areas about B2B that even long-running businesses are not fully aware of, particularly from the point of view of a buyer. In this guide, you will 1) get a good understanding of B2B and 2) learn how a typical B2B buyer journey looks like.UNDERSTANDING B2BIf we are to put things into terms that almost everyone can understand, B2B refers to the âexchange of products, services, or information between and among businesses, in direct contrast to the exchange between businesses and consumersâ. In short, if you are a B2B company, you are selling a product or services to other businesses.These are 3 typical scenarios when B2B takes place:When a company sources the raw materials it uses in its manufacturing processes from another company;When a company acquires the services of another company for some aspects of its operations; andWhen a company resells products and services that have been manufactured or provided by another company.B2B is characterized by several indicators:Large volumes of purchase. More often than not, the businesses involved buy and sell in relatively huge volumes. This is the main reaso n why B2B is referred to as âwholesalingâ, as opposed to âretailingâ, which is a characteristic of B2C.Fast delivery. The delivery times are also shorter, since there is no complicated or meandering distribution chain to be followed; itâs mostly directly from one business to another, doing away with middlemen.Stable and competitive pricing. The prices are mostly stable, especially when the businesses have already established long-term buyer-seller relationships.Another way to gain a better understanding of B2B is to clearly mark its differences with B2C. In B2B,The decision-making process is longer and more tedious, since there are more people involved; in B2C, itâs just the consumer making the decision, so it takes a relatively shorter period of time. Assessments in B2B are also more detailed, since the buying company may require samples, prototypes, mock-ups and more detailed testing and trial runs.The buyers are committees or groups of people within an organization; i n B2C, the buyer is often an individual.The premium on brand loyalty is higher, since businesses are particular about building long-term relationships with other businesses; in B2C, brand loyalty is still high, but not as high as in B2B.The most popular and commonly used example for a B2B company is an automobile manufacturer. The manufacturer sources the components of the vehicle from many different companies. After purchasing high volumes of the components from these companies, the automobile manufacturer will proceed to the production process of the automobiles. The end-product â" a car â" will then be sold to consumers.In that traditional example, the automobile manufacturer purchased from another business, making it a B2B transaction. The purchase of the end-user of a car from the automobile manufacturer demonstrates B2C, since the business (the automobile manufacturer) is selling the product (a car) to a customer (the consumer).If you are interested in how the B2B buyer jour ney has changed, then read through this insightful presentation.[slideshare id=58569159doc=879d9ac5-f9c1-48a1-9c52-a4d53c64815b-160222181910w=640h=330]THE B2B BUYER JOURNEYIt would appear that being able to identify whether your business falls under the B2B or B2C category is not enough. Selling companies often overlook or, worse, choose to ignore the fact that they have to take care of their buyer. It is highly likely that this attitude stemmed from the confidence that their buyer will, without fail, seek them out. After all, they have the goods, products or services that the buying company needs.But times are changing, and the business landscape is changing. Competition is becoming fiercer than ever, so businesses have to pay more attention to their partner in this relationship: the buyer. In order to do that, they have to be more perceptive with respect to what the buyer wants, and do something to improve the overall B2B buyer journey.Understanding the B2B journey is vital, as it serves as one of the most important foundations of your B2B marketing strategy. Every businessman knows that one of the most critical elements of marketing is knowing your market and the individuals that comprise it. Designing a marketing strategy without this knowledge is like creating a campaign blindly; you are basically selling something to someone you do not know anything about.But how can companies make a more positive impact on the B2B buyer journey? Here are some insights shared by business experts.Familiarize Yourself With The B2B Buyer JourneyYou have to understand that path that your buyers take leading them to making the purchase. The important thing to note here is that buyers are as different as they come, so do not expect them to take the same route in their buyer journey.Recent surveys show that 74% of B2B buyers who are making an offline purchase opt to conduct more than half of their research using online sources, before they actually make a purchasing decision. O nce the buyer reaches 57% of his buying journey, he decides to talk to a sales representative or a vendor, or seek other information from peers and professionals. But there is another development: it appears that two-thirds of B2B buyer journeys have already engaged the aid of sales representatives or vendors from the beginning of the buying process. They have already devoted a lot of their time in the journey doing internal assessments, discussing at great length with their peers, and even seeking the recommendations of external sources and experts.What you should do is to get a clearer and bigger picture of the path or the journey undertaken by buyers. This way, you will be in a better position to design and implement your B2B marketing.One of the techniques introduced is the B2B Buyer Journey Mapping by Forrester, where you will have to develop a buyer journey map that answers the following questions:WHO? Who are your B2B buyers? While it is true that B2B buyers come in teams, t here is a need to clearly identify who the key members of the team are. Who is the leader of the buying team? Who makes the decisions and who are the ones who are doing most of the legwork? In some instances, it is normal to see end users as well as the potential customers being considered part of the buyer team, in varying capacities.WHY? Why is the buyer making the purchase? This will entail looking into the buyerâs perception on what value is. What need is expected to be fulfilled? What problem is hoped to be solved by the purchase? What outcome is expected or anticipated by the buyer?WHEN? This is another way of saying that timing is everything when making buying decisions. The buyer journey can be seen as a timeline, with stages that have to be passed through by the buyer. In each stage, there are concerns, questions and issues that must be addressed, and so timing must be considered when addressing them. This will facilitate the transition and progression of the buyer to th e next stage of the journey, until it reaches its culmination, which is the actual purchase.WHAT? What are the contents that play a major role in the B2B buyer journey? What answers do you have to your buyersâ queries? What solutions can you provide for their concerns and issues? How will you present these content to the buyer, in such a way that will satisfy them?WHERE? What channels, avenues and vehicles do your buyers usually go to for information and answers to their questions? What means or tools do you use in order to make the answers and solutions reach your prospective buyer?Know Your B2B Buyer (And What Type Of Purchase He Is Making)Between the averages that you obtained and the buyer, who should matter most?The answer: the buyer. After all, it is the buyer that will make the final decision in the buyer journey.Of the many insights that a business must gain, insights into its customers or buyers is one of them. This is considered by many to be the starting point of any seller-buyer relationship. Know who your buyer is and what type of purchase he is making, so youâll know how to deliver what he needs or wants. More often than not, businesses rely on existing statistics, getting the averages in order to build up their representative buyer, or their archetype buyer.Normally, B2B buyers purchase in groups or teams. For example, the automobile company may have its own purchasing team tasked to look for sellers of specific components. They are the ones in charge of going through the motions in researching and purchasing the said components.Now the next thing you have to focus on is the type of purchase that your buyer is making. B2B buyers put a great amount of consideration in their buying decisions, performing research and lengthy deliberations before they close the deal. Once you are aware of what type of purchase is being made, you will be able to figure out how you positively respond to your business customers and improve their buying experience .When getting to know your buyer, Tony Zambito came up with the Buyer Persona Canvas. The key questions that must be answered are:Buyer Persona. Who are your buyers? Among the buyers you have identified, what is your archetype, or the âstandardâ buyer? What is the background of your buyer? Their experiences and interests? Their focus, areas of responsibilities, and roles in organizations?Goals. What are the business goals and personal goals of your buyers? What are the buying behaviors of your buyers, and how did their business, organizational and personal goals affect this behavior?Buying Process. What is the standard buyerâs journey that your buyer takes? What is the buying process that he follows?Buyer Thinking. What are the seller attitudes that drive the decision of buyers on whether to buy or not? What are the prevailing beliefs and perceptions that your buyers have, and how do they affect their buying behavior?Reasons for Buying. What motivates your buyers to buy ? What drives their choices? What are the risks that they take into account when making their buying choices?Initiatives. What are the most common or usual initiatives of your buyers? What strategies do your buyers, and the industry, as a whole, use?Timing. Is there a seasonal pattern in your buyersâ buying behaviors? What is the role of budget planning and budgeting in the timing of your sales?Channels. What are the channels that your buyers are using in looking for what to buy, and in doing their research on the products you are selling? What social circles or platforms do your buyers move in, and what external sources do they frequently use?Influencers, Stakeholders, Buying Team. Who are the key stakeholders in the buyerâs journey? The internal and external influencers? Who are the key players in the buying team? Who ultimately makes the buying decisions? Who is the buyer persona in the buying team, and what is his role?Content and Information. What information do bu yers look for and rely on in their buying decisions? What data references do they use? How do they obtain these information and where from? What content do they find most relevant in their buying decisions?Know Your Marketing StrategyA report by Gartner stated that sales and marketing influences 32% of the B2B buyerâs journey. Granted, for many, that figure seems too small to be significant, but marketing and salespeople would beg to differ. That 32% could make the difference between the company making a profit or incurring a loss.Effective marketing is characterized by a solid marketing strategy, and it can only be so if it is based on hard facts. Some companies settle on using averages, but they are not really what you would call hard facts. Facts can only be obtained by engaging with the buyers, through the use of multiple channels, using various tried and tested tools and techniques. Experts encourage using a buyer engagement strategy across channels, considering how more and more buyers prefer to do their research and seek information in various social and digital channels, both online and offline. B2B buyer journey mapping is also very helpful in this case.It boils down to your creation, development and sharing of content and tools that are customer-focused, helping them throughout the business process. We then go back once again to the importance of knowing your buyer, since you will be able to create the relevant customer-focused content if you know exactly who your customer is.Competition will always be dogging the businessâ every stop, and one sure way to stay ahead of the competition is to ensure that you know more about the B2B buyer journey than they do. By showing that you know more, you will be able to inspire more trust and loyalty from your buyer, and leave the competition behind.Get Their Cues From B2C Digital CommerceB2C is effectively making use of digital commerce to engage and draw favorable responses from its buyers, and there is no reason why their techniques should not work for B2B as well.Of course, we are all aware that B2B also widely uses e-commerce or digital commerce. B2B is known to entail a complicated process of research by buyers, in order to come up with a purchasing decision, and the use of digital means is expected to ease the process somewhat.Looking at the bigger picture, B2B players also ought to consider the applicability of tools and techniques that were originally thought to be exclusive only to B2C. One of them is by going mobile. Mobile commerce is now seeing major action in terms of profitability. Many businesses are now realizing how they can drive their revenues up by tapping into mobile. Consider the fact that B2B buyers are now getting younger and younger, and more tech-savvy than ever, then it is but natural to assume that a greater number of them will also start doing their buying decisions on mobile.Looking at the big picture is the only way to go about fully understanding the B2 B buyer journey. It is not enough to break it down in phases and understanding some parts while ignoring the others. The focus should be on the entire journey.At the end of the day, always keep in mind that the most important factor in the B2B buyer journey is the customer. It is all about the Buyer: what the buyer needs, what type of purchase is being made, and how you can integrate all the content that you have into the whole journey. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-70259225607819866972020-05-22T10:29:00.001-07:002020-05-22T10:29:02.728-07:0012 Top-Ranked California Colleges and Universities dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-54635220244793479452020-05-08T17:31:00.001-07:002020-05-08T17:31:02.577-07:00Should Kids Go At A Year Round School - 912 Words Tabitha Serr Mrs. Misselhorn 7th Hour Language Arts 29 March 2017 ââ¬Å"Should Kids Go to a Year Round School?â⬠When I return to school after summer, I always struggle to remember anything from the months before. For this reason, I personally think kids should go to a year round school. Moreover, kids shouldnââ¬â¢t have such a long summer vacation. Students should go to a year-round school for more intersessions throughout the year, so they have less stress, it will be easier to remembering what they learned, and year-rounds schooling has smaller intersession you can use if you are falling behind, you can catch up. The first reason why kids should go to a year round school so they will have shorter breaks so they wonââ¬â¢t forget anything they haveâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As a student, having more frequent breaks could benefit students and teachers. ââ¬Å"Although cumulatively there would be fewer days of, the frequency of school breaks would be much higherâ⬠(Top 10 Reasons). Normal schools have a summer break, two other breaks, and an assortment of different holidays (Top 10 Reasons). Additionally, if kids go to year-round school, which have more frequent breaks, they could have less stress. The third reason is many year-round schools have an intersession with creative classes. According to ââ¬Å"Year-Round Schooling Offers Benefits over a Traditional Calendar,â⬠the scheduled breaks or vacations for students are called intersessions. Nevertheless ââ¬Å"Intersession also is a fertile period for enrichment and creativityâ⬠(Year-Round Schooling Offers Benefits). Year -Round schools can have 1-3 week classes for a number of different subjects (Year-Round Schooling Offers Benefits). Also, as a student, intersession is a great way to catch up for a student falling behind in classes. Likewise, if a student is struggling with a certain subject they can take a class during their intersession, then when classes restart they could be caught up. In addition, high school students may use the fall and winter intersessions to scope out future colleges. Students who participate in sports can use the intersession as a way to catch up on their studies if they are not at the level they are expected to be at (Year-Round Schooling Offers Benefits).Show MoreRelatedShould Kids Have A Summer Break?994 Words à |à 4 PagesArts 24 March, 2017 Should Kids Have a Summer Break? Can you imagine going to an all year round ââ¬âschool? It must be horrible. You would have to go to school all year with short breaks in-between quarters. You couldnââ¬â¢t go on vacation, you couldnââ¬â¢t do activities, and summer is for family memories and its tradition. So why would we change tradition to go to school all year. Here are reasons why we shouldnââ¬â¢t apply to an all year round ââ¬âschools. The first reason why kids should have summer beak is becauseRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education839 Words à |à 4 Pages01à 14à 15à Whyà Takeà onà Yearà Roundà Schooling?à à à ââ¬Å"Popà quiz,à letsà seeà whatà youà remember.â⬠à Oftenà peopleà realize,à ââ¬Å"Shoot!à Ià forgotà everythingà fromà lastà year!â⬠à Whyà goà throughà thatà Ià haveà noà ideaà howà toà doà thisà kindà ofà stressà whenà yearà roundà educationà canà fixà thatà soà simply.à Evenà thoughà yearà roundà schoolingà isà uncommon,à ità willà makeà aà positiveà impactà onà society.à Inà theà Unitedà Statesà thereà areà onlyà 3,181à yearà roundà schoolsà thatà exist,à butà theà numberà isà stillà continuingà toà grow.à Yearà roundà schoolingà promotesà higherà levelsà ofà excellenceà forà studentsà andà Read MoreEssay On Year Round School722 Words à |à 3 Pages Year round schooling should be a thing. The time we leave school and go back to school is crazy now we get about a month off and when we leave we forget everything we have learned the past year. Its preposterous and repetitive, why forget everything we learned and struggle to relearn it when we could just stay in school. Most kids are against it because they dont want to lose their summer vacation but when it comes down to it, youd get more time off and more breaks if you had year round schoolingRead MoreWhy Year Round School Is More Harm Than Good978 Words à |à 4 Pagesof school for summer. They count down the last few days until the bell rings on that last day and they are out for summer break. They get so excited to be able to go on vacations, spend more time reading, visiting family, and of course, s leeping in. Children also look forward to going back to school after summer break. They are so excited for the first day of class that they have to get all new school supplies. They wake up extra early and are ready to learn on that first day. If school wasRead More Year Round Schooling Speech Essay examples642 Words à |à 3 PagesYear Round Schooling Speech Have you ever thought about what life would be like having to go to school year round? Well kids today feel that with all the pressure and work they have during the school year, they need the 3 month break time period in order to regroup themselves and have a change of scenery. Year round schooling in the past few years has become a trend that is sweeping the nation, and I am going to tell you why year round schooling IS NOT a way to send the children of AmericaRead MoreEssay on Year Round Schooling Gets an F-752 Words à |à 4 Pagesmost powerful weapon, which you can use to change the worldâ⬠. School boards today are taking these words to heart, as they are concerned about studentââ¬â¢s education more than ever. The solution to their concerns of students weakening education is the method of Year Round Schools. This supposed ââ¬Å"education-savingâ⬠method offers the same amount of school days except the traditional summer break is exchanged for smaller breaks throughout the year. Although this method is supposed to boost students learningRead MoreThe Positivity of Year-Round Schools Essay816 Words à |à 4 PagesDo you ever wonder why the kids cause so much chaos during vacation? Well they have too much time on their hands and not enough supervision. Back when we lived in a basic economy, summer vacation made sense because academic achievement mattered less. An absence of air conditioning or modern hygiene turned crowded schools into health-risks, and children had moms who were home every day. Times have changed now, so we have no need for summer vacation. Year Round schools would be successful because GPAsRead MoreShould School Go Year Round? Essay1471 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe school year, there is one thing that will always be on every childââ¬â¢s mind: How far away is summer vacation. We all experienced this as children, and it kept us focused on getting through the school year so we did not need to go to summer school. For many students they looked forward to all of the amazing things they can do in the summer with their friends and family. A struggle with education for a long time is having kids not forget the information that they learned during the school year. ThisRead MoreGraduation Speech : Year Round Schooling1635 Words à |à 7 PagesYear-Round Schooling The average school period is one hundred and eighty days with small breaks in between and a three-month break during summer to ease studentsââ¬â¢ minds and let them relax. The Board of Education should make all schools in the United States year-round to increase educational time and decrease the loss of knowledge over the breaks. It gives students the same time to relax and plan family vacations periodically throughout the year, but never creates the stress of changing sleep schedulesRead MoreSwitching to a Year-Round School Calendar Essay1092 Words à |à 5 PagesStates, most schools still use a ten-month calendar that was developed when our countryââ¬â¢s students needed school off to help with harvesting (Palmer). Trimble Local Schools Superintendent Kim Jones says, ââ¬Å"year-round schooling is the notion of getting away from the old agrarian calendar...which was formed up around the planting season. Students were out of school from April until harvest to work in the fi elds,â⬠(qtd. in Hapka). Under the agrarian system, most United States students are in school for nine dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-62245248824156225102020-05-06T09:46:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:46:28.483-07:00Al-Qaeda In Iraq Free Essays Al-qaeda is an Arabic word also written as Al-qaida. It is a network of international alliance of Islamic militant group. Abdullah Yusuf Azzam who was later replaced by Osama bin Laden formed the organization in 1988. We will write a custom essay sample on Al-Qaeda In Iraq or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other veteran Arabs from Afghanistan joined the leadership after the soviet war in Afghanistan. Al-qaeda network advances Islamic fundamentalism by carrying out attacks and disrupting western countries influences to the Islamic states. Al-qaeda finances and trains various radical Islamic groups that oppose western countries ideologies especially the United States of America and Britain. Al-qaeda groups or network have various operational bases in more than fifty countries in the world. Al-qaeda uses force, intimidation and instilling fear to attain their goals. They carry out acts of terrorism (an act or a threat against civilian life) aimed at attaining political, economical and religious goals. Al-qaeda aims at ending foreign influence in Islamic states by creating a new Islamic caliphate or authority. The Al-qaeda network is very active in countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. History of al-qaeda Al-qaeda was founded in the late 1980ââ¬â¢s as an alliance of Islamic militia group with an aim of expanding Islamic fundamentalism. Al-qaeda has it roots during the Afghanistanââ¬â¢s soviet occupations. Anti-Muslim afghan guerillas (mujahidin), the afghan government and soviet forces were involved in the conflict. The Soviet invasion sparked the afghan resistance. The Afghan government was supported by the USA, China and Saudi Arabia. Mujahidin came from the Middle East to Afghanistan to assist their fellow Muslims in the war. Osama bin laden was the main financier he started recruiting Muslims around the world to join the group. The recruited army in there thousands defeated the soviet forces making them withdrew from Afghanistan. Osama bin laden later founded an organization that could help veterans of Afghans war; this comprised the bases of Al-qaeda. (Biri A. 2001). Bin laden and other radical Islamic thinkers at that time had been organizing Al-qaeda in the Iraq invasion to Kuwait in 1990. The Saudi government had allowed the United States government to station a military base in Saudi Arabia. This was very outrageous to Laden and the radical group. Osama was later expelled from Saudi Arabia by opposing the government. Al- qaeda basis shifted from Saudi Arabia to Khartoum in Sudan, their first task against the interest of the United States of America was in Somalia where they attacked the U. S army during the Somalia crisis. Further attacks perpetrated by al-qaeda followed. In august 1996 bin laden issued a ââ¬Å"declaration of warâ⬠against the U. S. A Al- qaeda and radical Islamic group had worked together to alliance in their acts of terrorism against western influence on Islamic interests. Osama shifted his base from Sudan to Afghanistan in 1994 after the U. S had put pressure on the Khartoum government to expel him. Osama joined the Talibans in Saudi Arabia where al-qaeda established military bases in mountains. In Iraq the main objective of the Al-qaeda organization is the governing of Iraq. After president Sadaam Hussein was brought down from power by the U. S. A who sent thousands of troops to help in putting in place the government in Iraq. Al-qaeda was against the US invasion of Iraq. According to the U. S government, Al- qaeda wanted to be seen as a legitimate political organization in Iraq. Al-qaeda in Iraq is composed of both Sunni Iraq members plus other foreign members who wage jihad or holy war. This group was formed in 2004, but it is not clear, who founded it in Iraq between Bin Laden and Nusab Al Zarqawi. The group had been a force behind the violence and civil war between the Shiites and Sunnis. They accuse the US government of murdering innocent civilians in their ââ¬Å"war on terrorâ⬠. The Al-Qaeda has been behind many attacks in Iraq against the U. S government interests. Insurgency in Iraq is still continuing up to now. Members of the group had shifted to other bases where they mastermind suicide bomb attacks. Other military organizations had joined Al-Qaeda in Iraq in their activities. Abu Musab al-zarqawi from Jordan had affiliated with Al-qaeda in Iraq. He joined the Al-qaeda in Iraq and threatened the U. S government over its interest in Iraq. The group had killed many U. S army personnel and they are believed to have killed ordinary Iraq civilians. The group continues to instigate violence in Iraq despite the U. S government efforts on war on terror by president Bush administration. Al-qaeda is against the U. S invasion of Iraq. Members of the terrorist group had carried out many suicide attacks, kidnapping and even shooting their perceived enemy. The leadership of al-qaeda The leadership of Al-qaeda in Iraq, according to some sources from Jihadââ¬â¢s was put under Abu Ayyub Al Masri in 2006. This is following the death of its former leader Musab Al Zarqawi. Al Masri is considered as lacking good military organization that he relies on his intellectual abilities (Hajez M. 2007 p. 136-147). Al-qaeda in Iraq is composed of both Sunni Iraq members and the jihads (foreigners who came to aid in Jihad war). Osama bin Laden is the top active leader of the Al-qaeda group. The leadership coordinates with others groups; Al-qaeda group of jihad in Iraq, Al-qaeda in land of the two rivers plus others. Through the official statement of the U. S government, Abu Musab Al Zarqawi forms the top leadership responsible for the insurgency in Iraq. It is believed that the leadership organizes and masterminds attacks on civilians and U. S troops. It is also believed that the leadership of Al-Qaeda in Iraq composes other foreign terrorist and senior Al- Qaeda leadership. The U. S administration believes that Abu-Musab Al Zarqawi was not an Iraq even his successor Abu Ayyub Al Masri. The leadership of Al-queda is decentralized. There is collaboration between Al-qaeda senior leaders and Al- qaeda leaders in Iraq. The leaderââ¬â¢s role is to finance, command, advice, and make bombs including others roles in the group. The leadership also provides intelligent informationââ¬â¢s and facilitates its operations. They have their former headquarter in Fallujah in Iraq. Various operations they have performed: The al qaeda has claimed responsibility of the chlorine bombings in Iraq in mosques. The group also is targeting wealth people by kidnapping and killing their family members when they fail to remit ââ¬Ëprotectionââ¬â¢ fee. They are also inciting violence by causing hatred among the Shiites and Shia groups to cause civil war. What were the targets of the operations? Al-qaeda operates in Iraq but it is limited in the broad Middle East. They play actively in the Iraq insurgency. Their deputy leader, Ayman alzawahiri, in July 2005 through a letter indicated four plans in expanding the war in Iraq. They were to expel US forces out of Iraq and an Islamic authority put in place. Other missions were to spread the Iraq conflict to their neighbors and fight with Israel. Al-qaeda in Iraq (AOQ) created an organization called mujahidee shura council in January 2006. This was to unite the Sunni insurgents in Iraq. However, this attempt failed due to the methods they used against civilians and their extreme fundamentalists doctrines. Alqaeda is the most feared organization; experts regard it as an enemy of the US. Al-qaeda is associated with terroristââ¬â¢s activities in Iraq that targets international forces and civilians. The US government holds that they have an extended network to other parts of the world especially the Islamic states although there operations are based in Iraq. In 2005, Al-qaeda is believed to be responsible for about more than 1800 attacks in Mosul city in Iraq; they were aiming at Iraq forces and coalition government. They use bombs and other explosives in their suicide attacks. They mainly targeted Iraq security forces, Shiite militaries and the US troops. The group was responsible for the killing of 35 children and seven adults in Baghdad in September 2004. The bombs were directed at the US forces. In the same year on December 19, they had bombed a Shiite funeral procession killing about 60. Their attacks were aimed at Iraq security forces, civilians and the Iraq government. In 2005 they carried out and co-coordinated suicide attacks including the Sheraton Ishtar and Palestine hotel in Baghdad during the Iraq elections. (Napoleni L. 2005) They claimed responsibility of killing of Ihab Al-Sherif an Egyptian envoy to Iraq; they also killed many unemployed Shiite workers in Baghdad. They had abducted and executed American soldiers. In 2006, many of the top leadership were captured and killed by US army. They had carried on with their attack such as the 23rd March 2007, assassination attempts of the Iraq deputy Prime Minister Salam al-zaubai a Sunni. They had claimed responsibility of the Iraq parliament bombing in April 12 2007. The execution of the three US force soldiers in May the same year. Activities of Al ââ¬âqaeda in Iraq, have received negative publicity due to attacks and intimidation against the civilianââ¬â¢s making it lack local support. The Sunni militias had abandoned them and joined the government and US forces. Many of their leaders have been captured and killed making their activities crippled. The Al-qaeda had been involved in other operations outside Iraq; in April 2004 they claimed responsibility of the chemical bomb plot in Jordan. They had also targeted Israel in December 2005 by firing rockets from Lebanon. They are also implicated with 2006 train bombing plot in Germany. What were the goals of the operations? Al-qaeda in Iraq had an aim of expelling all the U. S soldiers and their allied forces. In July2005, top Al-qaeda leadership had urged that the entire US soldier to withdraw from Iraq. They had threatened to carry military operations and executions; they perceive the US as the enemy who must leave the Islamic state. The group also had an aim in the governance of Iraq. The Al ââ¬âqaeda in Iraq had wanted to form a political group that would be the legitimate political organization in Iraq. They had wanted to fight and overthrow the existing government. Al-qaeda aims to control key areas in the economic, political and religious sector in Baghdad. They want to portray that the Iraq government has failed to expel the US army, by discrediting the government they aims at removing people support. It aimed at initiating conflict between the Shia and Sunni Muslims. This would force the USA to take a neutral stand and depart from Iraq. This would enable them to establish their rule in Iraq. Al-qaida in Iraq wanted to spread propaganda through the media that, the coalition forces and the government of Iraq were attacking the Sunni Islam. They wanted the Sunnis to join their side, portraying themselves to defend rights of those who are oppressed. This would give them a positive image to the Sunni Islamic group. Part of their aim was to spread propaganda that the Iraq social-economic problems were the government responsibility. They regarded themselves as an organization that can free Iraqââ¬â¢s from their problems. (Hoofman B. 2004). It was also believed that operations of Al-qaeda in Iraq involved bringing foreign fighters and terrorist in order to kill innocent civilians to encourage hatred between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Abu Hamza Al-Muhajir an Al-qaeda leader in Iraq through his message said that they aimed at creating an Islamic state in Iraq. They were willing to die for Godââ¬â¢s sake ââ¬Å"there is no rule but that of Allahâ⬠. The attacking and killing of the Sunni by al-qaeda in Iraq was aimed to compel them to join their group and withdraw the support of the US forces. ââ¬Å"Dedicate yourself to fighting the true enemy in order to avoid opening up new fronts against the Sunni Arabsâ⬠(Abu Hamza al Muhajer), they attempted to portray the US as a common enemy. What were the ideologies of this group? Al-qaeda in Iraq was organized and carried its operation on basis of different ideologies. They had issued a manifesto calling for violence and destruction of American empire. They had vowed to continue with the insurgency and destroy America. Their ideologies were religiously based ââ¬Å"we vow by the name of God and we are determined to destroy the American empireâ⬠. They believed that attacking the United States was a call from God. They believed that that who dies in their mission becomes a saint. Their leader Abu Musab al- zarqawi had justified their violent means through audio messages. Al-qaeda called for all Muslims to start attacking their enemies in Iraq and their associates. They believed that through Islam their faith, no harm would be inflicted on true Muslims. Shedding blood of a true Muslim would lead to destruction of the whole world. The attack against Americans and aides in Iraq was an order from God. It was a holy war or jihad to bring justice and glory in the world. They calls for those betraying them to repent, by collaborating with their enemy all they deserve is to have their neck cut. Al-qaeda through their documents, vows that insurgency will not end soon, they believe that Islam is the only true religion in the world. It is their duty to have Allah worshiped. The Al-qaeda beliefs that the US government wants to seek control of the region through the assistance of the Iraq government. It argues that those who oppose and fight the group are enemies of Islam. Their ideologies hold that the American government wanted to control the region to access oil wells. Osama bin laden through a video tape on December 29 2007, said that the Iraq government had ââ¬Å"agreed to having large American bases on Iraq land and giving the Americans all the Iraq oil they may wishâ⬠Muslims perceive the war in Iraq widely as a war on Islam giving strength to al-qaedaââ¬â¢s ideology, Islamic sympathizers of the group are now trying to support the idea of universal holy war on western world and their allies. Al-qaeda sympathizers are justifying the acts of terrorism by using propaganda about the Iraq war. This is evidence in Madrid bombing in 2004 and London attacks in transport network to oppose the invasion of Iraq. Conclusion The Al-qaeda networksââ¬â¢ operating in all over the world seems to be well-organized coordinated and funded group. Al-qaeda in Iraq has escalated more violence in the country. The group has forged alliances with other front in order to work together against their perceived common enemy. According to them the enemy must be defeated by all mean, as it is the will of God. These militia groups have threatened peace in the world. They have claimed responsibility for various attacks in the world; the issue of terrorism in the world needs to look at carefully to avert more acts of death and hatred. The world should not draw too much conclusion about Al-qaeda and war in Iraq. This is to avert from having propaganda war, whose truth cannot be determined thus sparking more conflict. (US state report on terrorism) Work cited Biri Abdel, The secret History of Al-Qaeda, 1998. Bruce Hoffman, Insurgency and Countersurgency in Iraq, 2004. Hajez Mohammed; Suicide Bombers In Iraq: The strategy and Ideology of Martyrdom, 2007. Napoleni Lorreta; Insurgent Iraq: The Al-zarqawi and The New Generation, 2005. The United State Department Country Report on Terrorism, 2005. How to cite Al-Qaeda In Iraq, Papers dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-68890897313938259432020-04-28T04:18:00.001-07:002020-04-28T04:18:02.940-07:00Seeing by Annie Dillard Summary Analysis free essay sample 1A. Dillards essay focuses on how we see, what we see, and why we see. She begins with a short story about how as a child she used to hide pennies. Hiding pennies for strangers to find brought her joy, and was simply her doing for the greater good. Dillard stated how she had been thinking about seeing, ââ¬Å"there are lots of things to see, unwrapped gifts and free surprisesâ⬠. This was only the start of young Dillards philosophy on how to properly view the world. One of the ideas being that we can see if only we care enough to find them (the pennies in this case). The more devoted people are to discovering things, the more likely they will be to succeed. The penny idea fades into a metaphor for the act of seeing, helping intro the essay which studies the different ways in which we see. We will write a custom essay sample on Seeing by Annie Dillard: Summary Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1B. A large theme expressed in Dillards essay is spirituality. This essay comes from a Pilgrim at Tinker Creek; pilgrim can be defined as a person on a religious journey, which starts off the theme of religion. Dillard is talking about laying in bed at night, she talks about laying in bed with her eyes opened and she sees darkness. She continues to explain when her eyes are closed she can see the stars, ââ¬Å"If we are blinded by darkness, we are also blinded by the lightâ⬠. At first light and dark to me meant nothing but I later realized after it was continuously mentioned it was a relation to good and evil. For Dillard, seeing is a religious experience in which she feels herself in the presence of something greater than herself. The metaphors Dillards uses are to quietly slip in religion without forcing the idea upon others. Relating to the overall piece religion is a way Dillard sees and hopes away others wish to see. When seeing good always comes with seeing evil, and vise versa.2. The penny idea instantly caught my attention in relation to my own life. When I was around nine my best friend and I used to super glue coins to the ground outside her house, we would sit there for hours and watch people pass and attempt to pick them up. It was so funny because no one could pick them up. Looking back on it, after reading Dillards piece, what kind of person would this make me? Dillard as a young child did it to brighten up peoples day, I did it to brighten up my own. Those who stopped and attempted to pick the coins up were people filled with devotion and those who passed were too caught up in their own affairs. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-3872315634054845032020-03-19T20:54:00.001-07:002020-03-19T20:54:02.889-07:00Reflexive Pronouns in SpanishReflexive Pronouns in Spanish Reflexive pronouns are used in Spanish and English whenever the subject of a verb is also its object. In other words, reflexive pronouns are used when the subject of a sentence is acting on itself. An example is the me in me veo (and the corresponding myself in I see myself), where the person seeing and the person seen are the same. Verbs used with a reflexive pronoun are known either as reflexive verbs or pronominal verbs. This lesson covers the reflexive pronouns that are used with verbs. Spanish also has reflexive pronouns used with prepositions. The 5 Reflexive Pronouns Used With Verbs Verbal reflexive pronouns are used in much the same way as direct-object and indirect-object pronouns; they typically precede the verb or can be attached to the infinitive, imperative verb, or gerund. Here are the verbal reflexive pronouns along with their English equivalents: me - myself - Me lavo. (I am washing myself.) Voy a elegirme. (I am going to choose myself.)te - yourself (informal) - à ¿Te odias? (Do you hate yourself?) à ¿Puedes verte? (Can you see yourself?)se - himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself (formal), yourselves (formal), each other - Roberto se adora. (Roberto adores himself.) La nià ±a prefiere vestirse. (The girl likes to dress herself.) La historia se repite. (History repeats itself.) Se compran los regalos. (They are buying themselves gifts, or they are buying each other gifts.) à ¿Se afeita Ud.? (Do you shave yourself?) El gato se ve. (The cat sees himself.)nos - ourselves, each other - Nos respetamos. (We respect ourselves, or we respect each other.) No podemos vernos. (We cant see each other, or we cant see ourselves.)os - yourselves (informal, used primarily in Spain), each other - Es evidente que os querà ©is. (Its obvious that you love each other, or its obvious you love yourselves.) Podà ©is ayudaros . (You can help yourselves, or you can help each other.) As you can see from the above examples, the plural pronouns in Spanish can be translated using the English reflexive pronouns or the phrase each other. (Technically, grammarians would call the latter usage of the Spanish pronoun reciprocal rather than reflexive.) Usually, context will make clear the more likely translation. Thus, while nos escribimos conceivably could mean we write to ourselves, it most often would mean we write to each other. If necessary, a phrase can be added for clarification, such as in se golpean el uno a otro (they are hitting each other) and se golpean a sà mismos (they are hitting themselves). Reflexive pronouns should not be confused with English constructions such as I myself am buying the gift. In that sentence (which could be translated to Spanish as yo mismo compro el regalo), myself isnt being used as a reflexive pronoun but as a way of adding emphasis. Sample Sentences Using Reflexive Pronouns à ¿Por quà © me enojo tanto? (Why do I get mad at myself so much?) Voy a cocinarme una tortilla de papas y queso. (Im going to cook a potato and cheese omelet for myself. This is an example of attaching the pronoun to an infinitive.) à ¿Cà ³mo te hiciste daà ±o? (How did you hurt yourself?) Los gatos se limpian instintivamente para quitarse el olor cuando han comido. (Cats clean themselves instinctively to get rid of the odor when they have eaten.) Nos consolamos los unos a los otros con nuestra presencia humana. (We comforted each other with our human presence.) Se videograbà ³ bailando y envià ³ el archivo a mi agente. (She videotaped herself dancing and sent the file to my agent.) Mà ©dico, cà ºrate a ti mismo. (Physician, heal thyself. The reflexive pronoun is attached to a verb in the imperative mood.) Estamos dndonos por quien somos y lo que hacemos. (We are holding ourselves responsible for who we are and what we do. This is example of attending the reflexive pronoun to a gerund.) Hay dias que no hay dias que no me entiendo entiendo. (There are days I dont understand myself.) Nos consolamos con dulces. (We comforted ourselves with candy.) Los dos se buscaron toda la noche. (The two looked for each other all night.) Le gusta escucharse dndome à ³rdenes. (He likes listening to himself giving me orders.) Key Takeaways Spanish have five pronouns for use when the subject of a verb is also its object.When a subject is plural, the reflexive pronoun can be translated using either a form such as ourselves or each other, depending on the context.Reflexive pronouns precede the verb or can be attached to an infinitive or gerund. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-3007175009128243132020-03-03T12:40:00.001-08:002020-03-03T12:40:03.506-08:00Inferno and InfernalInferno and Infernal Inferno and Infernal Inferno and Infernal By Maeve Maddox When I see the word inferno, I think fire, but originally, the word did not carry the connotation of intense heat. The association with burning derives from beliefs taught by some religions about the afterlife. The OED offers only one definition of inferno: Hell; a place of torment or misery compared to hell; a place likened in some respect to the Inferno of Dantes Divine Comedy. Merriam-Webster offers three definitions of inferno: 1. a place or a state of torment and suffering. 2. a place that resembles or suggests hell in being dark, noisy, chaotic, lawless. 3. intense heat. English speakers, British as well as American, use inferno to mean an intense conflagration: Tracking the inferno: where wildfires are hitting California, other states hardest- The Guardian. Scientists find planets that survived red giant inferno- The London Times. Thirty people feared dead and 40 more injured after shopping centre inferno causes mall to collapse in Russiaà - The Daily Mail. Multiple fire departments reported to the scene of the inferno just after 7 p.m. Sunday, and spent nearly the next 12 hours battling the blaze.- Galloway Patch (New Jersey). Small Fire Becomes Inferno, Burning Homes in California- New York Times.à Like inferno, the adjective that derives from it, infernal, refers to the realm of the dead or a place of punishment after death: Paradise Lostà opens with the fallen angels in hell. Mammon proposes that they build an infernal kingdom of their own, imitating the majesty of heaven through the material riches of the kingdom of hell. Infernal is commonly used as a synonym for hellish, damnable, damned, diabolical, and fiendish. Here are some examples: City Tells Ice Cream Trucks To Keep That Infernal Racketà Down When will these so-called ââ¬Å"votersâ⬠stop with their infernal meddling? Will you stop with your infernal fear-mongering? Gatlin and his ilk have brought not only themselves down with their infernal liesà but the whole athletics community. I turned my eye towards him and immediately caught his eye, which he kept staring upon me for more than a minute, with the most infernal expression I have ever seen upon a human face. An ââ¬Å"infernal machineâ⬠is ââ¬Å"a machine or apparatus maliciously designed to explode and destroy life or property, especially one in the form of something harmless. For example: To greet the Princes return to Sofia this month, the Chief of the Russian Secret Police sent him anà infernal machine disguised as aà box of the finest cigars.- Sherlock Holmes and The Case of The Bulgarian Codex, Tim Symonds, 2012. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureUse a Dash for Number RangesUsing "May" in a Question dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-44793079343334226742020-02-16T04:06:00.001-08:002020-02-16T04:06:03.552-08:00The Bird Flu in the United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsThe Bird Flu in the United Kingdom - Essay Example Sturcke and Batty (2006) report stated that as many as 46 countries have recorded bird flu cases in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. Aside from being a health risk, the bird flu is also a massive economic threat. Freeman (2005) stated that "the UK has about 120 million poultry, including chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese, worth 1.3 billion a year. About 25 per cent of the egg-laying flock are kept outdoors and about 10 per cent of chickens raised for meat are free-range." (Sturcke, J. & Batty, D., 2006. Q&A: Bird flu [online], The Guardian, 27 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,,1591620,00.html) Boseley and Watt (2005) reported that after a meeting of EU veterinarians on the problem of bird flu, the British Veterinary Association's President stated that bird flu is inevitably going to arrive in the UK[and] there is a small but real danger that migrating wild birds could bring us a highly dangerous strain of the virus. (Boseley, S. & Watt, N., 2005. Vets say arrival of bird flu in UK is inevitable [online], The Guardian, 26 August, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,14207,1556846,00.html) In a 2006 report, Sturcke and Batty stated incidents of the bird flu virus in the United Kingdom. A dead swan was found in Cellardyke and a parrot died in an Essex quarantine zone. Both incidents occurred in 2005, and both birds were found to have died from the H5N1 virus. In a farm west of Norwich, a number of chickens were found to have tested positive of the less deadly H7 strain of bird flu, which also infects humans. (Sturcke, J. & Batty, D., 2006. Q&A: Bird flu [online], The Guardian, 27 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story/0,,1591620,00.html ) Needless to say, the alarm and threat of a widespread bird flu infection has prompted the UK government to take various measures in an attempt to prevent such a pandemic. BBC News (2006) reported that one such step was the UK's ban on imports of live chickens from Croatia, Turkey, Romania, Russia, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Laos, Indonesia, Vietnam, Pakistan, Malaysia, South Africa, and North Korea, where bird flu outbreaks have occurred. (BBC News, 2006. Britain's bird flu preparations [online]. viewed 14 May, 2006, .) The finding of dead swans in Fife and in Scotland prompted government to create a huge exclusion zone to prevent any further spread of the bird flu virus. Henderson, Macleod and English (2006) reported that a 1,000 square mile exclusion zone was set up, stretching from the Forth Road Bridge, north of Edinburgh, to Stonehaven in the north east and Perth in the north west. It greatly expands the 3km (1.8 mile) radius protection zone and 10km (6.2 mile) surveillance zone established around Cellardyke. (Henderson, M., Macleod, A., & English, S., 2006. 1,000 sq mile exclusion zone set up to combat risk of virus spreading [online], The Times, 07 April, viewed 14 May, 2006, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,25149-2122749,00.html) Within that exclusion zone, there are found around 3.1 million domestic birds kept on about 175 poultry farms and would require that owners of 48 free-range farms will have to bring their dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-73815107065157227202020-02-02T16:22:00.001-08:002020-02-02T16:22:03.283-08:00Different Research Methods Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsDifferent Methods - Research Paper Example uthors believed that ââ¬Å"a deeper understanding of these transitions is required in order to assist prospective science teachers during their pre-service years and support them during their early years in schoolsâ⬠(Mulholland & Wallace, 2007, p.880). To achieve their objective, the researchers designed a qualitative research through the use of a longitudinal case study. With two Australian primary teachers as participants, the research lasted for four years documenting their transition from pre-service to in-service teaching. The constructivist/interpretative approach was used as the framework for the research with ââ¬Å"case study as its organizing perspectiveâ⬠(Mulholland & Wallace, 2007, p.880). Adopting a constructivist/ interpretative framework allowed the researchers to use their expertise and experiences in gaining in-depth understanding of the experiences of novice teachers. Interpretative or constructivist research ââ¬Å"assumes that reality is socially constructed, that there is no single, observable realityâ⬠(Merriam, 2009, p.216). This paradigm states that because individuals have the natural propensity to seek meaning and understanding of the world, there are various interpretations of different events. The role of the researcher then is to construct knowledge about what is examined both from his/her perception and the respondents of the study. Data from an experimental methodology or quantitative research cannot substantiate the experiences that the researchers wish to investigate. Due to the nature of the problem and objectives that the researchers wished to attain, a longitudinal case study was employed. The researchers are highly involved in a sense that they had prior theoretical knowledge and experience about the topic. The constructivist/ interpretative approach ensured that the results gathered will reflect both the interpretations of the respondents and the researchers. It is crucial for the objectives of the study to gather data during the dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-83556932809283392402020-01-25T12:45:00.001-08:002020-01-25T12:45:05.219-08:00Conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh Analysis DissertationConflict of Nagorno-Karabakh Analysis Dissertation This dissertation focuses on the conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh; the origins of the conflict, its present state and the possible future. Throughout the dissertation several key aspects and theories of International relations are analysed, such as: peoples right to self determination, the concept of nation-state and conflict resolution. Firstly, the relevant theories of International relations are explored and an attempt is made to compare them with reality and to show their use in the real world. Secondly, a historical background of the conflict is described, followed by a description of the conflict from 1988 to 1995 and the peace talks. Thirdly, an analysis of the future of NK is examined, pointing out possible solutions and forms of reconciliation. Moreover, relevant questions are individually looked at. For over ten years NK has been on a path of nation-state building. NK sees itself as an independent republic, even with lack of international recognition. NK has a population of 141,000 and an area that covers 11,458.38Ãâà km2. (Official website of the President of NK, http://www.president.nkr.am/en/nkr/statePower/ , accessed on March 2, 2011). The map below show the situation of NK, they show both the NK Autonomous Oblast and the present NK state boundaries that include the occupied territories of Azerbaijan: THEORY: RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION As this dissertation deals with the de facto state of Nagorno-Karabakh, it analyses and explores International Law concerning peoples right to self determination and the consequent recognition of their state. Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 of the United Nations Charter created in 1945 states that the aim of the UN is to: Develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace?. Article 1, part 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 states the following: All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development?. (United Nations Charter 1945, available at: http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/ [accessed March 2 2011]) Moreover, the Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations of 24th October 1970 declares that: By virtue of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, all peoples have the right freely to determine, without external interference, their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development, and every State has the duty to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter.? (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm [accessed march 2 2011]) The establishment of a sovereign and independent State, the free association or integration with an independent State or the emergence into any other political status freely determined by a people constitute modes of implementing the right of self-determination by that people?. (UN General Assembly, Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1970,Ãâà available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3dda1f104.htmlÃâà [accessed March 2 2011] ). These legal statements show the core understanding and acceptance of the international community regarding the idea of peoples right to self determination. Even though some core aspects of these declarations can be vague in their practical sense, their overall message is not contested. By taking into account these and other declarations, the case for the people of NK becomes clearer. Presently, the problem lies with the idea that NK peoples right to self determination collides with Azerbaijans right to sovereignty, so what is the solution? According to Dr. Otto Luchterhandt, the director of East European Research Department (University of Hamburg): The right to self-determination is not only a political principle but a rule of existing international law. The people of Nagorny Karabakh are the subject of the right to self-determination. The people of Nagorny Karabakh can claim for the highest level fulfilment of the law of self-determination ââ¬Å" secession from the state of Azerbaijan because on the one hand its restriction to the status of a national minority stands in no reasonable relation to its legitimate interests in development and protection, and on the other hand the measure of its oppression has reached such unbearable proportions, that remaining in the federation of Azerbaijan has become unacceptable and it has announced it will for self-determination in an unmistakable and convincing manner.? (Luchterhandt, Nagorny Karabakhs Right to State Independence According to International Law, Boston, 1993) To use international law in a discussion in the case for NK, specific proof has to be shown. There is also the argument that juridical legitimacy of borders and territorial integrity works against the self-determination principle, however this cannot be taken into account in the case of Azerbaijan SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic). Firstly, it must be stated that NK was an autonomous oblast (an administrative unit) within the Azerbaijan SSR, and that Azerbaijan SSR was not defined by state borders, it was defined by administrative borders, therefore the Helsinki Agreement Final Act in 1975 concerning territorial integrity cannot be applied. As Francois Mitterrand said: Why should the interior administrative borders of a state be automatically recognised as international ones? (Zargarian,1999). Secondly, on the 31st August 19941 the Azerbaijan SSR confirmed the restoration of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan that had been created from 1918 to 1920. This declaration leaves to question the legality of the present Azerbaijans borders, including the territories of NK, territories surrounding NK and Nakhijevan, as none of these were part of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. In addition, it is well documented that in December 1920, Azerbaijan SSR accepted the territories of NK and Nakhijevan as belonging to Armenia. These declarations were later altered by Stalin, which at the times was Commissar of Nationalities. To further analyse, the value of state sovereignty of Azerbaijan should be graded as lower than the importance of sovereignty of a state in a normal situation, with reference to the system of states in the League of Nations, therefore it is lower than the NK peoples right to self determination. (Raschhofer, 1960) This notion gives support to the national right to self-determination of NKs people in right to secession over Azerbaijans state sovereignty. (Luchterhandt, 1993). To conclude, as the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh was founded after a referendum on state independence on 10th December 1991, resulting in a 98% acceptance, and in agreement with international and Soviet law, it should ultimately be acknowledged as genuine under international law. Moreover, precedent of Eritrea can be used, which showed that self proclamation leads to be under the power of international law. NK relationship with other countries, international organisations, and treaties such as the Geneva Convention, all give power for self-determination. HISTORY The name Nagorno-Karabakh has a mixture of 3 languages; Nagorno is in Russian meaning mountainous?, and Karabakh is in Turkic and Farsi meaning Black Garden?. However, the Armenians call it Artsakh, as it was one of the provinces of Greater Armenia, and it is mentioned as early as second century BC: the ancient provinces of Artsakh and Utik, situated between Lake Sevan, river Kara and river Araxes. (Strabo, 1st century BC.) During the centuries, NK has been mainly populated by ethnic Armenians, however there were periods in which during conquests other ethnic groups would settle, such as Caucasian Tatars, Caucasian Albanians (no connection to Albanians in Balkans), Persians and Turkic tribes. The recent conflict with Azerbaijan has unleashed a historical fact finding war, where the Azeris lay historical claims to these lands, and the Armenians refute them. The people living in NK point out to the obvious evidence, such as hundreds of ruins, ancient monuments, religious building, churches and monasteries. (Tchilingirian,1999). As one farmer said in regard to this: This monastery (Monastery of Gandzasar) kept us Armenian, the writings on these walls made us know who we are. There is a khachkar (cross-stone), the size of a car, on top of this mountain; our ancestors placed it there to indicate that this is Armenian land? (Martakert, 1995). To review the history of Artsakh a new dissertation can be written, therefore to keep in line with this dissertation, a review of more recent history is made. After 1918, when the Georgians, Armenians and Azeris took advantage of the chaos of the Russian Revolution to establish independent states, war broke out between Armenia and Azerbaijan, however by 1921 all three republic were under the rule of the Red Army. (Swietochowski, 1985) Originally, the Bolsheviks determined NKs problem: The Chairman of the Azerbaijani Revolutionary Committee (Azrevkom), Narimanov declared: The government of Workers and Peasants of Azerbaijan, having heard the news of the proclamation in Armenia in the name of the insurgent peasantry of the Soviet Socialist Republic, salutes the victory of the fraternal Armenian people. From this day forward, the former borders between Armenia and Azerbaijan are suspended. Mountainous Karabagh, Zangezur, and Nakhichevan are recognized as integral parts of the Socialist Republic of Armenia. Long live the fraternity and union of workers and peasants of Soviet Armenia and Azerbaijan.? (L. Chorbajian, P. Donabedian, C. Mutafian, 1994) The decision by Narimanov was acclaimed by the ethnic Armenians which thought that it was a fair decision. Moreover, Narimanov declared: no territorial conflict will cause bloodshed between these two age-old neighbourly peoples?. ( Chorbajian, Donabedian, Mutafian, 1994). Yerevans central authority henceforth declared: Based on the declaration of (Azrevkom)à ¦it is hereby declared that Mountainous Karabagh is henceforth an integral part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia? (Libaridian, 2004) This announcement was never realised, even if it was at the beginning supported by Stalin. Stalins view was that Karabagh should be given to Azerbaijan, in an effort to increase friendly relations with Turkey, which by then had aspirations to be a communist state. (Lane, 1992) It must be understood that Turks and Azeris are ethnically the same people. Even though the decision over NK was reached on July 4th 1921 in the Kavburo (Caucasian Bureau of the Communist Party): Based on the declaration of (Azrevkom)à ¦it is hereby declared that Mountainous Karabagh is henceforth an integral part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia? (Libaridian, 2004) The Kars and Moscow treaties were signed in October, giving Azerbaijan the control of NK. Thus, NKs Armenian populations (90% of NK) desire to unite with Armenia was ignored, creating ethnic tensions that would eventually end in full scale war. The Armenians tried to relocate NK to Armenia SSR in 1929, 1935, 1963, 1966, 1977 and 1987. The main reasons were the anti-Armenian discrimination, demographic shifts and economic underdevelopment. (Ulubabian, 1994) The Armenian population had declined by 25% from 1920 to 1979, due to hardships created by these discriminatory attitudes. The modern conflict started on February 1988, when due to the glasnost policy created by Gorbachev and its subsequent openness, the NK authorities asked to transfer the NK Autonomous Oblast to Armenia SSR. The reaction in Azerbaijan SSR was negative, as in 13th June it rejected this demand, on the other hand Armenia SSR on 15th June gave acceptance to this request. Due to the argument between Azerbaijan SSR and Armenia SSR, Moscow had to decide, and since Articles 73 and 78 of the 1977 USSR Constitution states that borders may only be changed if both republics agree on the change, NK stayed under Azerbaijans SSR authority, until the Soviet Union broke down in 1991. The conflict itself started with violence and ethnic-cleansing, with guerrilla warfare. Pogroms against Armenians started in Sumgait (near Baku) in February 1988 and in January 1990 in Baku. The Armenians of Baku (approximately 220,000) and from other parts of Azerbaijan were forced to flee, except in areas of NK. In return, Azeris in Armenia (160,000) were forced to leave, however no pogroms and mass violence was recorded, unlike in Baku. It was not until Yeltsin came to power that Russia sided with the Armenians, as before the USSR broke down the USSR Army was helping the Azeris. The Russians helped the Armenians with weapons, fuel and logistical support. The reason the Russians sided with the Armenians was because it was against Azerbaijans pro-Turkey and pro-Western positions. (Betts, 1999). Russias view was that Armenia was its only ally in the South Caucasus, and due to its geopolitical situation in regard to Turkey in Iran, help should be given. Full scale war broke out between 1991 and 1994 among the Azeri Army and the irregular Armenian guerrilla fighters. At the beginnings of 1992 the Azeris were in control of nearly half of NK, forcing out Armenian civilians as they advanced. Spring 1992 was when the advantage turned towards the Armenians, as their offensive pushed the Azeris to retreat. Once the city of Shushi was captured in May 8 1992, the Armenians had control of NK and the surrounding territories. It must be noted that the Armenian side was mostly fought by guerrilla fighters, which did not respond to any central authority in NK or Armenia. Most of the fighters or Fedayeen (Freedom Fighters), as the Armenians call them, were ordinary people without training or military weapons. The Armenians were helped by the Diaspora, which sent money, weapons and volunteers to help. The Azeri side brought mercenaries from Chechnya and mujahedeen from Pakistan and Afghanistan (approximately 3,000 fighters). (Taarnby, Michael. 2008 ) In May 1994 a cease fire was signed with Russia as intermediary in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The ceasefire was signed by the Azerbaijani authorities and General Babayan from the NK Armed forces. The result of the war was that the Armenians ended up controlling 20% of Azerbaijans territory. An estimated 4,500 people died and 25,00 wounded from the Armenian side, and an estimated 30,000 died and 60,000 wounded on the Azeri side. (De Waal, 2003). CEASE FIRE AND PEACE TALKS Before the ceasefire agreement mediated by Russia, several attempts were made to find a solution. The first attempt was by Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev on September 1991, it gave no fruit. Next mediation was by Iran on February 1992. Since Irans historical relationship with both the Armenians and the Azeris was close, it attempted to increase its dominance in the region, especially to push Turkey aside. The Tehran conference did not reach to any agreement. After this, CSCE (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe) started to arbitrate, it also pressed Iran out of the negotiations, as the latter was not a member of CSCE, On August 1992, Nazarbayev tried again, but the mediation led to nowhere. CSCE tried on several occasions from 1992 until December 1994 to reach an agreement for both sides, but its inexperience and Russias parallel involvement made it fail. From May 1994, when the ceasefire was signed, several propositions were laid on the negotiation table, but NK was only to agree to a complete package?, while Azerbaijan pushed for a step by step? approach. ( Mooradian, 1999) To date, there has been no concrete agreement between the two parts. The main mediator is the Minsk Group, created in 1993 by the CSCE (now OSCE), even though the presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan have met on various occasions, NKs government is still left out of any negotiations. CAN KOSOVO BE USED AS AN EXAMPLE? After the recognition of Kosovos independence, many other de facto states looked closely to see if it would set an example. Even though the states that have recognised Kosovo state that Kosovo cannot be used as a precedent, others may argue that it can and has. The main reason the international community uses to implicate the uniqueness of Kosovo is that it has been under UN and international control, while other de facto states like NK, Abkhazia and South Ossetia have not. To analyse the relevance of Kosovo, a comparison is made. The similarities with NK are various: both consist of a minority that sees itself discriminated, both conflicts started in an era of transition brought by the disintegration of the Soviet Union, both held referendums and used the peoples right to self determination idea. The differences must also be noted: NK can argue that before the transition era, it already was an Autonomous Oblast. NK has existed for longer, with relative better stability, and has made more progress on state-building, even though it received less international attention and financial support. (Murinson, 2004) Other differences are that NK is not accepted as a negotiating part in the peace process, Armenia acts as its representative. It can be argued that the Kosovo can be used as an example of a state gaining independence, however, the international community argues that it is a unique case, however this does not limit the political ramifications it has brought. Kosovos independence has given hope to other de facto states, who argue that in all, they should have a better chance in gaining independence than Kosovo. As the former President of NK stated: If the world community is ready to recognize the independence of Kosovo, I think it will be very hard for them to explain why they do not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh? (Yakubyan, 2006) And as the Speaker of NK Parliament said: A serious basis for the international recognition of our sovereignty, we have held free elections for 16 years, law-enforcement bodies are formed, powers are divided, [the] army is under civil control? (Karabakh Has Serious Grounds for International Recognition of SovereigntyÃâà «, in: Karabakh Open, 20 February 2008) To explain why Kosovo deserves international recognition and other de facto states in very similar positions do not is very hard, even by the same international community that accepted Kosovos independence. The reasons can vary from the official statement that Kosovo has been under international control, while other have not, but it is also correct to assume that other factors such as mutual interests among regional powers. Russias involvement in the NK peace process has many times thrown the Minsk Groups propositions away, as Russia can benefit from the no peace no war? situation over NK: it sells arms and heavy weaponry to both Armenia and Azerbaijan, arming both sides. WHY HAS ARMENIA NOT RECOGNISED NKS INDEPENDENCE? This question is very interesting in the sense that it would be logical that Armenia should be the first country in recognising the independence of NK, however there is one main reason of why it has not. The official Armenian response to these questions is that since Armenia has started: An international legal process of settlement of the Nagorno-KarabakhÃâà conflict, and this is why Armenia has still not recognized the enclaves independence? ItÃâà is forÃâà theÃâà same reason that Armenia has not recognized the independence of Kosovo, OlegÃâà Yesayan,Ãâà ArmenianÃâà ambassadorÃâà toÃâà Belarus. (Alima Bissenova. (2008). Armenia links issue of Abkhazia, S. Ossetia to N.-Karabakh. Available: http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=taxonomy/term/4page=6. Last accessed 20th January 2011.) However, due to the recent statements by Azerbaijan of taking NK back by force has made the Armenian side declare that it would recognise NK if war started: Armenia is categorically against a military resolution of the problem. In the event Azerbaijan unleashes a new military venture, Armenia will have no other choice but to recognize de jure the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh and provide for the safety of its population through all means,? President of Armenia, Serge Sarkisian Astana, Kazakhstan, December 2010. EuroAsia. (2010). Armenia Says Will Recognize Karabakh In Case Of War. Available: http://www.eurasianet.org/node/62556. Last accessed 20th January 2011 One could argue that Armenia should recognise NK, in the same manner as Russia has recognised Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The recognition of NK would give Armenia legal right to aid NK in case war started with Azerbaijan. Moreover, some argue that if Armenia does not recognise NK in the foreseeable future, the status and issue of NK could be forgotten to history, as it would lose its momentum in the pursuit for recognition. RECOMENDATIONS From the overall analysis of the NK conflict and other similar conflicts around the world, some basic and concrete to the NK case recommendations can be made: OSCE and other international peace organisations should look to include NK in the negotiation process as an independent actor, like they did with the ceasefire agreement. International organisations should pave the way to stipulate better assurances for non resumption of armed conflict. The line of fire should be closely observed for ceasefire violations. Programs should be developed in order to teach both societies about tolerance, reconciliation and mutual respect. International organisations should look to integrate the public in debates and discussions, and rely less on top-down approaches. (Faber, 2005) International organisations should push for a peacekeeping force to be deployed on the contact line, it should also try to organise a new referendum under the eyes of international observers, henceforth push for a lawful democratisation and a peace settlement. (Freizer, 2006) Governments in Armenia, NK, and Azerbaijan should start to include conflict resolution and prevention, peace building and peacekeeping, human rights programmes at schools and universities, in order to increase public awareness. NGOs should create projects along with the civil society to educate the population about the conflict and conciliation for peace. Finally, an international recognition of NK would ensure a peaceful settlement of the conflict, and would make NK answerable to international law. Moreover, NK would have access to loans from the IMF or the WB, thus being able to develop better as a state. Open borders with Azerbaijan would bolster trade, and maybe bring trust between the people. CONCLUSION The conflict of NK is very complicated to be able to analyse without going into much detail. There are many arguments for and against certain strategies, using international law, international recognition, state sovereignty, refugees, and many others, but one thing is being ignored; the fact that NK has been acting like any other recognised democratic state for over 15 years. NKs human rights violations, degree of democracy and transparency and corruption are all better than Armenia or Azerbaijan, (Freedom House, 2011) yet still there is little advance among the international community in recognising NK. Some may add that the West uses double standards: Weve got used to the double standards of the West. I believe that the people of South Ossetia have much more reason for gaining independence than the Kosovan Albanians.? (Yuri Morozov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia). In my opinion, the West does not fully use double standards, but approaches the question very surgically, since it un derstands the uniqueness of every conflict, and that it could be disastrous to use one peace settlement in another area, as every conflict has its own inimitable dynamics. I think that NK pace to independence is correct, as sooner or later it will have to be recognised, it should continue developing its government in order to set an example. In the near future two outcomes are possible, either an international recognition of NK or war will break out, it is inevitable, as both sides continue arming themselves, therefore it in my opinion it is in the best interest that of the international community to prevent such hostilities by recognizing NK. As Chekov said: If in the first act you have hung a pistol on the wall, then in the following one it should be fired. Otherwise dont put it there. (A. P. Chekhov, in Teatr i iskusstvo 1904, No. 28, 11 July, p. 521) Conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh Analysis Dissertation Conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh Analysis Dissertation This dissertation focuses on the conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh; the origins of the conflict, its present state and the possible future. Throughout the dissertation several key aspects and theories of International relations are analysed, such as: peoples right to self determination, the concept of nation-state and conflict resolution. Firstly, the relevant theories of International relations are explored and an attempt is made to compare them with reality and to show their use in the real world. Secondly, a historical background of the conflict is described, followed by a description of the conflict from 1988 to 1995 and the peace talks. Thirdly, an analysis of the future of NK is examined, pointing out possible solutions and forms of reconciliation. Moreover, relevant questions are individually looked at. For over ten years NK has been on a path of nation-state building. NK sees itself as an independent republic, even with lack of international recognition. NK has a population of 141,000 and an area that covers 11,458.38Ãâà km2. (Official website of the President of NK, http://www.president.nkr.am/en/nkr/statePower/ , accessed on March 2, 2011). The map below show the situation of NK, they show both the NK Autonomous Oblast and the present NK state boundaries that include the occupied territories of Azerbaijan: THEORY: RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION As this dissertation deals with the de facto state of Nagorno-Karabakh, it analyses and explores International Law concerning peoples right to self determination and the consequent recognition of their state. Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 of the United Nations Charter created in 1945 states that the aim of the UN is to: Develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace?. Article 1, part 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 states the following: All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development?. (United Nations Charter 1945, available at: http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/ [accessed March 2 2011]) Moreover, the Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations of 24th October 1970 declares that: By virtue of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, all peoples have the right freely to determine, without external interference, their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development, and every State has the duty to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter.? (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm [accessed march 2 2011]) The establishment of a sovereign and independent State, the free association or integration with an independent State or the emergence into any other political status freely determined by a people constitute modes of implementing the right of self-determination by that people?. (UN General Assembly, Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1970,Ãâà available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3dda1f104.htmlÃâà [accessed March 2 2011] ). These legal statements show the core understanding and acceptance of the international community regarding the idea of peoples right to self determination. Even though some core aspects of these declarations can be vague in their practical sense, their overall message is not contested. By taking into account these and other declarations, the case for the people of NK becomes clearer. Presently, the problem lies with the idea that NK peoples right to self determination collides with Azerbaijans right to sovereignty, so what is the solution? According to Dr. Otto Luchterhandt, the director of East European Research Department (University of Hamburg): The right to self-determination is not only a political principle but a rule of existing international law. The people of Nagorny Karabakh are the subject of the right to self-determination. The people of Nagorny Karabakh can claim for the highest level fulfilment of the law of self-determination ââ¬Å" secession from the state of Azerbaijan because on the one hand its restriction to the status of a national minority stands in no reasonable relation to its legitimate interests in development and protection, and on the other hand the measure of its oppression has reached such unbearable proportions, that remaining in the federation of Azerbaijan has become unacceptable and it has announced it will for self-determination in an unmistakable and convincing manner.? (Luchterhandt, Nagorny Karabakhs Right to State Independence According to International Law, Boston, 1993) To use international law in a discussion in the case for NK, specific proof has to be shown. There is also the argument that juridical legitimacy of borders and territorial integrity works against the self-determination principle, however this cannot be taken into account in the case of Azerbaijan SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic). Firstly, it must be stated that NK was an autonomous oblast (an administrative unit) within the Azerbaijan SSR, and that Azerbaijan SSR was not defined by state borders, it was defined by administrative borders, therefore the Helsinki Agreement Final Act in 1975 concerning territorial integrity cannot be applied. As Francois Mitterrand said: Why should the interior administrative borders of a state be automatically recognised as international ones? (Zargarian,1999). Secondly, on the 31st August 19941 the Azerbaijan SSR confirmed the restoration of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan that had been created from 1918 to 1920. This declaration leaves to question the legality of the present Azerbaijans borders, including the territories of NK, territories surrounding NK and Nakhijevan, as none of these were part of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. In addition, it is well documented that in December 1920, Azerbaijan SSR accepted the territories of NK and Nakhijevan as belonging to Armenia. These declarations were later altered by Stalin, which at the times was Commissar of Nationalities. To further analyse, the value of state sovereignty of Azerbaijan should be graded as lower than the importance of sovereignty of a state in a normal situation, with reference to the system of states in the League of Nations, therefore it is lower than the NK peoples right to self determination. (Raschhofer, 1960) This notion gives support to the national right to self-determination of NKs people in right to secession over Azerbaijans state sovereignty. (Luchterhandt, 1993). To conclude, as the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh was founded after a referendum on state independence on 10th December 1991, resulting in a 98% acceptance, and in agreement with international and Soviet law, it should ultimately be acknowledged as genuine under international law. Moreover, precedent of Eritrea can be used, which showed that self proclamation leads to be under the power of international law. NK relationship with other countries, international organisations, and treaties such as the Geneva Convention, all give power for self-determination. HISTORY The name Nagorno-Karabakh has a mixture of 3 languages; Nagorno is in Russian meaning mountainous?, and Karabakh is in Turkic and Farsi meaning Black Garden?. However, the Armenians call it Artsakh, as it was one of the provinces of Greater Armenia, and it is mentioned as early as second century BC: the ancient provinces of Artsakh and Utik, situated between Lake Sevan, river Kara and river Araxes. (Strabo, 1st century BC.) During the centuries, NK has been mainly populated by ethnic Armenians, however there were periods in which during conquests other ethnic groups would settle, such as Caucasian Tatars, Caucasian Albanians (no connection to Albanians in Balkans), Persians and Turkic tribes. The recent conflict with Azerbaijan has unleashed a historical fact finding war, where the Azeris lay historical claims to these lands, and the Armenians refute them. The people living in NK point out to the obvious evidence, such as hundreds of ruins, ancient monuments, religious building, churches and monasteries. (Tchilingirian,1999). As one farmer said in regard to this: This monastery (Monastery of Gandzasar) kept us Armenian, the writings on these walls made us know who we are. There is a khachkar (cross-stone), the size of a car, on top of this mountain; our ancestors placed it there to indicate that this is Armenian land? (Martakert, 1995). To review the history of Artsakh a new dissertation can be written, therefore to keep in line with this dissertation, a review of more recent history is made. After 1918, when the Georgians, Armenians and Azeris took advantage of the chaos of the Russian Revolution to establish independent states, war broke out between Armenia and Azerbaijan, however by 1921 all three republic were under the rule of the Red Army. (Swietochowski, 1985) Originally, the Bolsheviks determined NKs problem: The Chairman of the Azerbaijani Revolutionary Committee (Azrevkom), Narimanov declared: The government of Workers and Peasants of Azerbaijan, having heard the news of the proclamation in Armenia in the name of the insurgent peasantry of the Soviet Socialist Republic, salutes the victory of the fraternal Armenian people. From this day forward, the former borders between Armenia and Azerbaijan are suspended. Mountainous Karabagh, Zangezur, and Nakhichevan are recognized as integral parts of the Socialist Republic of Armenia. Long live the fraternity and union of workers and peasants of Soviet Armenia and Azerbaijan.? (L. Chorbajian, P. Donabedian, C. Mutafian, 1994) The decision by Narimanov was acclaimed by the ethnic Armenians which thought that it was a fair decision. Moreover, Narimanov declared: no territorial conflict will cause bloodshed between these two age-old neighbourly peoples?. ( Chorbajian, Donabedian, Mutafian, 1994). Yerevans central authority henceforth declared: Based on the declaration of (Azrevkom)à ¦it is hereby declared that Mountainous Karabagh is henceforth an integral part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia? (Libaridian, 2004) This announcement was never realised, even if it was at the beginning supported by Stalin. Stalins view was that Karabagh should be given to Azerbaijan, in an effort to increase friendly relations with Turkey, which by then had aspirations to be a communist state. (Lane, 1992) It must be understood that Turks and Azeris are ethnically the same people. Even though the decision over NK was reached on July 4th 1921 in the Kavburo (Caucasian Bureau of the Communist Party): Based on the declaration of (Azrevkom)à ¦it is hereby declared that Mountainous Karabagh is henceforth an integral part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia? (Libaridian, 2004) The Kars and Moscow treaties were signed in October, giving Azerbaijan the control of NK. Thus, NKs Armenian populations (90% of NK) desire to unite with Armenia was ignored, creating ethnic tensions that would eventually end in full scale war. The Armenians tried to relocate NK to Armenia SSR in 1929, 1935, 1963, 1966, 1977 and 1987. The main reasons were the anti-Armenian discrimination, demographic shifts and economic underdevelopment. (Ulubabian, 1994) The Armenian population had declined by 25% from 1920 to 1979, due to hardships created by these discriminatory attitudes. The modern conflict started on February 1988, when due to the glasnost policy created by Gorbachev and its subsequent openness, the NK authorities asked to transfer the NK Autonomous Oblast to Armenia SSR. The reaction in Azerbaijan SSR was negative, as in 13th June it rejected this demand, on the other hand Armenia SSR on 15th June gave acceptance to this request. Due to the argument between Azerbaijan SSR and Armenia SSR, Moscow had to decide, and since Articles 73 and 78 of the 1977 USSR Constitution states that borders may only be changed if both republics agree on the change, NK stayed under Azerbaijans SSR authority, until the Soviet Union broke down in 1991. The conflict itself started with violence and ethnic-cleansing, with guerrilla warfare. Pogroms against Armenians started in Sumgait (near Baku) in February 1988 and in January 1990 in Baku. The Armenians of Baku (approximately 220,000) and from other parts of Azerbaijan were forced to flee, except in areas of NK. In return, Azeris in Armenia (160,000) were forced to leave, however no pogroms and mass violence was recorded, unlike in Baku. It was not until Yeltsin came to power that Russia sided with the Armenians, as before the USSR broke down the USSR Army was helping the Azeris. The Russians helped the Armenians with weapons, fuel and logistical support. The reason the Russians sided with the Armenians was because it was against Azerbaijans pro-Turkey and pro-Western positions. (Betts, 1999). Russias view was that Armenia was its only ally in the South Caucasus, and due to its geopolitical situation in regard to Turkey in Iran, help should be given. Full scale war broke out between 1991 and 1994 among the Azeri Army and the irregular Armenian guerrilla fighters. At the beginnings of 1992 the Azeris were in control of nearly half of NK, forcing out Armenian civilians as they advanced. Spring 1992 was when the advantage turned towards the Armenians, as their offensive pushed the Azeris to retreat. Once the city of Shushi was captured in May 8 1992, the Armenians had control of NK and the surrounding territories. It must be noted that the Armenian side was mostly fought by guerrilla fighters, which did not respond to any central authority in NK or Armenia. Most of the fighters or Fedayeen (Freedom Fighters), as the Armenians call them, were ordinary people without training or military weapons. The Armenians were helped by the Diaspora, which sent money, weapons and volunteers to help. The Azeri side brought mercenaries from Chechnya and mujahedeen from Pakistan and Afghanistan (approximately 3,000 fighters). (Taarnby, Michael. 2008 ) In May 1994 a cease fire was signed with Russia as intermediary in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The ceasefire was signed by the Azerbaijani authorities and General Babayan from the NK Armed forces. The result of the war was that the Armenians ended up controlling 20% of Azerbaijans territory. An estimated 4,500 people died and 25,00 wounded from the Armenian side, and an estimated 30,000 died and 60,000 wounded on the Azeri side. (De Waal, 2003). CEASE FIRE AND PEACE TALKS Before the ceasefire agreement mediated by Russia, several attempts were made to find a solution. The first attempt was by Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev on September 1991, it gave no fruit. Next mediation was by Iran on February 1992. Since Irans historical relationship with both the Armenians and the Azeris was close, it attempted to increase its dominance in the region, especially to push Turkey aside. The Tehran conference did not reach to any agreement. After this, CSCE (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe) started to arbitrate, it also pressed Iran out of the negotiations, as the latter was not a member of CSCE, On August 1992, Nazarbayev tried again, but the mediation led to nowhere. CSCE tried on several occasions from 1992 until December 1994 to reach an agreement for both sides, but its inexperience and Russias parallel involvement made it fail. From May 1994, when the ceasefire was signed, several propositions were laid on the negotiation table, but NK was only to agree to a complete package?, while Azerbaijan pushed for a step by step? approach. ( Mooradian, 1999) To date, there has been no concrete agreement between the two parts. The main mediator is the Minsk Group, created in 1993 by the CSCE (now OSCE), even though the presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan have met on various occasions, NKs government is still left out of any negotiations. CAN KOSOVO BE USED AS AN EXAMPLE? After the recognition of Kosovos independence, many other de facto states looked closely to see if it would set an example. Even though the states that have recognised Kosovo state that Kosovo cannot be used as a precedent, others may argue that it can and has. The main reason the international community uses to implicate the uniqueness of Kosovo is that it has been under UN and international control, while other de facto states like NK, Abkhazia and South Ossetia have not. To analyse the relevance of Kosovo, a comparison is made. The similarities with NK are various: both consist of a minority that sees itself discriminated, both conflicts started in an era of transition brought by the disintegration of the Soviet Union, both held referendums and used the peoples right to self determination idea. The differences must also be noted: NK can argue that before the transition era, it already was an Autonomous Oblast. NK has existed for longer, with relative better stability, and has made more progress on state-building, even though it received less international attention and financial support. (Murinson, 2004) Other differences are that NK is not accepted as a negotiating part in the peace process, Armenia acts as its representative. It can be argued that the Kosovo can be used as an example of a state gaining independence, however, the international community argues that it is a unique case, however this does not limit the political ramifications it has brought. Kosovos independence has given hope to other de facto states, who argue that in all, they should have a better chance in gaining independence than Kosovo. As the former President of NK stated: If the world community is ready to recognize the independence of Kosovo, I think it will be very hard for them to explain why they do not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh? (Yakubyan, 2006) And as the Speaker of NK Parliament said: A serious basis for the international recognition of our sovereignty, we have held free elections for 16 years, law-enforcement bodies are formed, powers are divided, [the] army is under civil control? (Karabakh Has Serious Grounds for International Recognition of SovereigntyÃâà «, in: Karabakh Open, 20 February 2008) To explain why Kosovo deserves international recognition and other de facto states in very similar positions do not is very hard, even by the same international community that accepted Kosovos independence. The reasons can vary from the official statement that Kosovo has been under international control, while other have not, but it is also correct to assume that other factors such as mutual interests among regional powers. Russias involvement in the NK peace process has many times thrown the Minsk Groups propositions away, as Russia can benefit from the no peace no war? situation over NK: it sells arms and heavy weaponry to both Armenia and Azerbaijan, arming both sides. WHY HAS ARMENIA NOT RECOGNISED NKS INDEPENDENCE? This question is very interesting in the sense that it would be logical that Armenia should be the first country in recognising the independence of NK, however there is one main reason of why it has not. The official Armenian response to these questions is that since Armenia has started: An international legal process of settlement of the Nagorno-KarabakhÃâà conflict, and this is why Armenia has still not recognized the enclaves independence? ItÃâà is forÃâà theÃâà same reason that Armenia has not recognized the independence of Kosovo, OlegÃâà Yesayan,Ãâà ArmenianÃâà ambassadorÃâà toÃâà Belarus. (Alima Bissenova. (2008). Armenia links issue of Abkhazia, S. Ossetia to N.-Karabakh. Available: http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=taxonomy/term/4page=6. Last accessed 20th January 2011.) However, due to the recent statements by Azerbaijan of taking NK back by force has made the Armenian side declare that it would recognise NK if war started: Armenia is categorically against a military resolution of the problem. In the event Azerbaijan unleashes a new military venture, Armenia will have no other choice but to recognize de jure the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh and provide for the safety of its population through all means,? President of Armenia, Serge Sarkisian Astana, Kazakhstan, December 2010. EuroAsia. (2010). Armenia Says Will Recognize Karabakh In Case Of War. Available: http://www.eurasianet.org/node/62556. Last accessed 20th January 2011 One could argue that Armenia should recognise NK, in the same manner as Russia has recognised Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The recognition of NK would give Armenia legal right to aid NK in case war started with Azerbaijan. Moreover, some argue that if Armenia does not recognise NK in the foreseeable future, the status and issue of NK could be forgotten to history, as it would lose its momentum in the pursuit for recognition. RECOMENDATIONS From the overall analysis of the NK conflict and other similar conflicts around the world, some basic and concrete to the NK case recommendations can be made: OSCE and other international peace organisations should look to include NK in the negotiation process as an independent actor, like they did with the ceasefire agreement. International organisations should pave the way to stipulate better assurances for non resumption of armed conflict. The line of fire should be closely observed for ceasefire violations. Programs should be developed in order to teach both societies about tolerance, reconciliation and mutual respect. International organisations should look to integrate the public in debates and discussions, and rely less on top-down approaches. (Faber, 2005) International organisations should push for a peacekeeping force to be deployed on the contact line, it should also try to organise a new referendum under the eyes of international observers, henceforth push for a lawful democratisation and a peace settlement. (Freizer, 2006) Governments in Armenia, NK, and Azerbaijan should start to include conflict resolution and prevention, peace building and peacekeeping, human rights programmes at schools and universities, in order to increase public awareness. NGOs should create projects along with the civil society to educate the population about the conflict and conciliation for peace. Finally, an international recognition of NK would ensure a peaceful settlement of the conflict, and would make NK answerable to international law. Moreover, NK would have access to loans from the IMF or the WB, thus being able to develop better as a state. Open borders with Azerbaijan would bolster trade, and maybe bring trust between the people. CONCLUSION The conflict of NK is very complicated to be able to analyse without going into much detail. There are many arguments for and against certain strategies, using international law, international recognition, state sovereignty, refugees, and many others, but one thing is being ignored; the fact that NK has been acting like any other recognised democratic state for over 15 years. NKs human rights violations, degree of democracy and transparency and corruption are all better than Armenia or Azerbaijan, (Freedom House, 2011) yet still there is little advance among the international community in recognising NK. Some may add that the West uses double standards: Weve got used to the double standards of the West. I believe that the people of South Ossetia have much more reason for gaining independence than the Kosovan Albanians.? (Yuri Morozov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia). In my opinion, the West does not fully use double standards, but approaches the question very surgically, since it un derstands the uniqueness of every conflict, and that it could be disastrous to use one peace settlement in another area, as every conflict has its own inimitable dynamics. I think that NK pace to independence is correct, as sooner or later it will have to be recognised, it should continue developing its government in order to set an example. In the near future two outcomes are possible, either an international recognition of NK or war will break out, it is inevitable, as both sides continue arming themselves, therefore it in my opinion it is in the best interest that of the international community to prevent such hostilities by recognizing NK. As Chekov said: If in the first act you have hung a pistol on the wall, then in the following one it should be fired. Otherwise dont put it there. (A. P. Chekhov, in Teatr i iskusstvo 1904, No. 28, 11 July, p. 521) dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-20432545156622623442020-01-17T09:08:00.001-08:002020-01-17T09:08:05.619-08:00Assignment: The Welfare Reform Act EssayThe Welfare Reform Act is better known as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, this was created by former President Clinton. Clinton vowed to stop welfare, he wanted it to be someoneââ¬â¢s right not just a privilege to receive aid. Clinton wanted to help the needy people who actually needed help, but many people were angry with the changes that it made. Clinton did not think that peopleââ¬â¢s reactions would be so negative, but they were. Medicaid did not change the way that they it provides coverage to members, but it changed how many people it covered. Clinton did not want to continue seeing his country become dependent on the assistance, he wanted to increase the employment rate. There were too many children that were living in poverty and Clinton seen a cycle that he knew he had to break. The Welfare Reform Act did not cause too many of the beneficiaries to lose their necessary coverage, they were still able to receive the coverage if they qualified. The law stated that if you were poor enough you could still receive the health insurance. It is good because people can still work and get the health insurance if they do not make too much, because a lot of times jobs do not offer private insurance to their employees. The law did affect immigrants, the immigrants that were here illegally were no longer to receive health insurance and those that came to the United States legally had to wait five years before they could qualify for insurance if they were poor enough at the time. There were many providers that were affected in a negative way because many of them treated Medicaid patients at the time of the Welfare Reform Act. Providers like hospitals and clinics had to face the fact they would lose many patients and have more people who would try and receive free services. There were certain states that had more immigrants than others who had to choose between helping those patients and turning them away when they no longer could receive any health insurance, unless they got other help from the state (Ku, & Coughlin, 2010). The Act did cut the percent of people who received Medicaid, like the illegal immigrants and those that no longer qualified, but if you were needy it is more than likely that you still qualified for insurance. It varies from each state; there are some states that may be able to help more than others because they have more state funds. According to ( Ku, & Coughlin, 2010), ââ¬Å"A larger category of people,à immigrants entering the United States after August 1996, will no longer be eligible for full Medicaid coverage, although they remain entitled to emergency care coverageâ⬠. Most people who qualify still could receive assistance if they were needy. The Welfare Reform Act has decreased the amount of fraud and has also increased the amount of people who are working. Many people were forced to go to job programs, to ensure that they had the necessary tools to get back on their own feet. If you wanted to receive TANF this was a requirement. Before this act was in place there were many people out there that were taking advantage of the system, people were getting to use to the money and other assistance that was easy to get. The new law was made to put a stop to the way that things were headed to. The new generation has a better chance at succeeding in life because there is more help out there. You can still get health insurance, cash aid, and food stamps; you just have to actually be in need. The law only requires that you do what you can to be able to do it all on your own and they will help along the way. There are many people that probably wish that things were the same as they were before this law was put in place, but things are still continuing to get better. According to research, ââ¬Å"Some 2.9 million fewer children live in poverty today than in 1995â⬠(Rector, & Fagan, 2003), that is a very large amount. The percent of children that were living in hunger went down and the amount of people who were having children out of wedlock has also gone down (Rector, & Fagan, 2003). The new act makes sure that the adults who are asking for the assistance go to a job program that helps you to get on your feet and be able to take care of your family without any assistance. All of these things have turned out to be more positive than negative, so it is good that our former President Clinton brought a change to America. References: Ku, L., Coughlin, T. A. (2010). How the New Welfare Reform Law Affects Medicaid. Urban Institute, p.1 Retrieved October 3, 2010 from http://www.urban.org/publications/307037.html Rector, R., & Fagan, P. Ph. D. (2003). The continuing good news about welfare reform. The Heritage Foundation, p.1. Retrieved October 3, 2010 from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2003/02/the-continuing-good-news dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-60200080232422116932020-01-09T05:31:00.001-08:002020-01-09T05:31:03.266-08:00Financial Performance Of The Nokia Corporation Finance Essay - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2525 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunication corporation having its headquarters situated in Keilanieme, Espoo. It is one of the worlds leading mobile phone suppliers and fixed telecom networkers. Nokias engaged in the manufacture of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communication industry. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Performance Of The Nokia Corporation Finance Essay" essay for you Create order It offers an extraordinary Internet services platform called as Ovi which allows all its customers to buy digital content, such as music and videos, get maps for navigation services and manage contacts and photo files online. The Company operates in three business segments: Devices and Services; NAVTEQ, and Nokia Siemens Networks. It has over 123,000 employees spread over 120 countries. Its subsidiary Nokia Siemens networks produces telecommunications network equipment, solutions and services. It also provides free digital map information and navigation services through its wholly owned subsidiary NAVTEQ. Nokia being the worlds largest manufacturers of mobile telephone has a global device market share of 30% in the latest financial report taken in the third quarter 2010. But however, it is still a disappointment to see a dip from an estimated 34% in the third quarter of 2009 and from an estimate of 33% in the second quarter in 2010. In this report, the financial performance and the marketing strategies of Nokia is analyzed based on the various financial ratios. The financial report of the past five years from 2009 2005 is studied considering the change in the marketing strategies implemented in 2005 and the global recession which has been hitting the market lately..The marketing strategy of Nokia is studied in the light of PESTLE, SWOT and BCG matrix. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF NOKIA: In the modern business, the managers should have a good understanding of the various business functions in order to make effective decisions and plannings for the successful operation of the business. One of the key functions of the business is bringing together the financial information of the company which is in the form of a cash flow statement, profit and loss account and balance sheets and carrying out the necessary calculations to determine the financial position of the company. The sales volume, and profitability generated from the shareholders investment, the companys ability to pay its debtors and the companys position compared to its competitors help not only the management but also the investors in determining whether to invest in the companys share or not.[1] The financial statement of Nokia is analyzed in the light of the various financial ratios such as Profitability, Activity, Solvency, Financial structure and Stock Market Measures. These ratios interpret the various items found in the companys balance sheet and income statements. This process not only reviews the past results of Nokia but also helps in evaluating the current situation of the company. The financial performance graph exhibited by Nokia in the past five years has been a fluctuating one.(cont) PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS: Profitability analysis is an analysis that enables a company to evaluate the market segments. It allows them to report the sales and profit data of a company using the different customised characteristics and key figures. This analysis can be categorised on the basis of products, customers, orders or any combination of these. Using these profitability calculations, the business profits made in one year can be compared with the other years and also the profitability of different business can be compared. The aim of this system is to provide the various departments within the organisation namely marketing, product management and corporate planning departments with the necessary information to support the internal accounting and decision making process. It measures the managements capacity to generate profits on sales and total investment in the business. In the case of Nokia..(profitability analysis of nokia) 1.1GROSS MARGIN: The gross margin of a company is theÃâà percent ofÃâà total sales revenueÃâà that the company retains after incurring the direct costs associated with producing the goods and services sold by the company. The higher the percentage, the more the company retains on each Euro of sales. This shows the percentage of control that the management has over cost.[2] Gross Margin (%) = Gross Profit / Operational Profit X 100 Turnover (2009 = 13264/40984*100 = 32.36%) The gross margin (%) of Nokia is YEAR 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Gross Profit 13264 17373 17277 13379 11982 Turnover 40984 50710 51058 41121 34191 Gross margin (%) 32.36 34.26 33.84 32.54 35.04 (All the figures mentioned above are in EUR millions) As we can see from the table above, the gross margin % had a raising trend in the 2006 -08 , where it increased from 32.54% to 34.26%. But however, in the year 2009 the profits have come down from 50710Eur m 40984Eur m resulting in a decrease of 1.90% in the gross margin. 1.2 NET MARGIN: The net margin ratio of a company is the ratio that allows an external person to make an overall assessment of the profitability of the company over a given period of time by comparing the level of net trading profit to the sales volume.[3]The percentage of net margin shows how much of each Euro earned by the company is translated into profits.Ãâà Net margin (%) = Profit Before Tax X 100 Turnover (2009 =962/40984*100 = 2.347) Year Profit Before Tax Turnover Net Margin (%) 2009 962 40984 2.35 2008 4970 50710 9.8 2007 8268 51058 16.19 2006 5723 41121 13.91 2005 4971 34191 14.53 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) As the figures show, there has been a significant fall in the net profit % from the year 2008 -2009; the net profit % in the year 2008 was 9.8% which then decreased to 2.34% in the year 2009. However, the years 2005 2007 have been good with the profit % being 14.53, 13.19 and 16.19 respectively. This shows that the operating expenses of nokia have increased and the cost of must be controlled. The cost have increased drastically resulting in a decrease in the net profits. 1.3 RETURN ON EQUITY: Return on Equity is the amount of net incomeÃâà returnedÃâà as a percentageÃâà of shareholders equity. It measures the companys profitabilityÃâà by revealing how muchÃâà profit a company generatesÃâà with the money shareholders have invested.Ãâà [4] Return on Equity = Profit after Tax X 100 Shareholders Funds (it is given in d annual report) Year Return on Equity (%) 2009 6.5 2008 27.5 2007 53.9 2006 35.5 2005 27.1 (All the figures in the table have been taken from the nokias official wesite)[5] The return on equity % showed steady growth in the years 2005 and 2006 and then reached the peak value in 2007 with a ROE % of 53.9 but the ROE has decreased to a great extend in the years 2008 and 2009. As a result of the decrease in the profits after tax, the profits of the tax in year 2008 were 3889 Eur m which decreased to 260 Eur m in 2009. 1.4 RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED: Return On Capital Employed is the ratio that indicates the efficiency and profitability of a companys capital investments. The Return On Capital Employed should always be higher than the rateÃâà at whichÃâà the company borrows, otherwise any increase in borrowing will reduce shareholders earnings. Return on Capital Employed = Earnings Before Interest and Tax X 100 Net Assets (it is given in d annual report) Year Return on capital employed (%) 2009 6.7 2008 27.2 2007 54.8 2006 46.1 2005 36.5 ACTIVITY ANALYSIS: Activity analysis measures the companys efficient utilization of resources. The greater the efficiency in the use of its assets to generate sales, the higher is the potential profitability. Hence, the analysis compares the level of sales with the investments in selected assets. The activity analyses that are considered here to study about Nokia are: Turnover of Assets Turnover of Fixed Assets Stock Turnover Days of Stock Held 2.1 TURNOVER OF ASSETS: Turnover of assets is the efficient use of assets for the profitable operation of the business. It is a consistent reliable indicator of managerial skills in generating sales volume on a base of the total assets employed by the company. Turnover assets = Turnover Assets (2009 = 40984/35738 = 1.14) Year Turnover Assets Turnover of Assets 2009 40984 35738 1.14 2008 50710 39582 1.28 2007 51058 37599 1.35 2006 41121 22617 1.81 2005 34191 22452 1.52 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) 2.2 TURNOVER OF FIXED ASSETS: The turnover of fixed assets is the measure of a companys ability to generate net sales from fixed-asset investments -Ãâà specifically with regard to property, plant and equipment etc. The higher the fixed-asset turnover ratio the more effective the company has been using the investment in fixed assets to generate revenues. Turnover of Fixed Assets = Turnover Fixed Assets (2009 = 40984/12125 = 3.38) Year Turnover Fixed Assets Turnover of Fixed Assets 2009 40984 12125 3.38 2008 50710 15112 3.35 2007 51058 8305 6.14 2006 41121 4031 10.20 2005 34191 3347 1021.54 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) 2.3 STOCK TURNOVER: The Stock Turnover is the total value of stock sold in a year divided by the average value of goods held in stock. This makes sure that the cash is not tied up in stock for too long, so as to lose its value over time. It measures sales turnover as a ratio of stocks, and is intended to show how fast stock is moved. The higher the score, the more liquid is the position and lower the investment in stock the better it is. Stock Turnover = Cost of Sales Average Stock (2009 = 27720/2199 = 12.60) Year Cost of Sales Average Stock Stock Turnover 2009 27720 2199 12.60 2008 33337 2704.5 12.32 2007 33781 2215 15.25 2006 27742 1611 17.22 2005 22209 1486.5 14.94 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) 2.4 DAYS OF STOCK HELD: The number of days the stock is held is the ratio that measures the average number of days stock held by an organization. Days of Stock held = Average Stock X 365 Cost of sales (2009 = 2199///227720*365 = 28.95) Year Average Stock Cost of sales Days of Stock Held 2009 2199 27720 28.95 2008 2704.5 33337 29.61 2007 2215 33781 23.93 2006 1611 27742 21.195 2005 1486.5 22209 24.43 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) SOLVENCY ANALYSIS: Solvency ratios is the ratio that measures the relationship between debts and owners equity and examine the proportion of debt the company is using i.e.; toÃâà measure a companys ability to meet long-term obligations. It measuresÃâà the size ofÃâà a companys after-tax income, excluding non-cash depreciation expenses, as compared to the firms total debt obligations. It provides a measurement of how likely a company will be able to continue meeting its debt obligations. Acceptable solvency ratios will vary from industry to industry, but as a general rule of thumb, a solvency ratio of greater than 20% is considered financially healthy. Generally speaking, the lower a companys solvency ratio, the greater the probabilityÃâà that the company will default on its debt obligations. The different solvency ratios are: Current Ratio Quick Assets Debtors Collection Period Creditors Payment Period Speed of cash flow 3.1 CURRENT RATIO: Current ratio is the most popular measure of short term solvency. It indicates the extend to which the claims of short-term creditors are covered by comparative liquid assets.[6]Current ratio is calculated simply dividing the current assets to the current liabilities. Current Ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities (2009 = 23613/15188 = 1.55) Year Current Assets Current Liability Current Ratio 2009 23613 15188 1.55 2008 24470 20355 1.2 2007 29294 18976 1.54 2006 18586 10161 1.82 2005 18951 9670 1.96 Nokia Corp.s current ratio deteriorated from 2007 to 2008 but then improved from 2008 to 2009 but however the ratios still remain below the 2007 levels. 3.2 QUICK ASSETS: Quick assets is the cash and other assets that can or will be converted into cash fairly soon. This includes accounts receivable, marketable securities etc. A measure of the companys quick assets helps in determining the companys liquidity and its ability to meet its obligations. The ratio used for this purpose is called as the quick ratio or acid test ratio. It compliments the current ratio. Its purpose is to compares the near cash assets with maturing creditors claims. Quick Assets = Current Assets Stock Current Liability (2009 = 23613-1865/15188 = 1.43) Year Current Assets Stock Current Liability Quick assets 2009 23613 1865 15188 1.43 2008 24470 2533 20355 1.07 2007 29294 2876 18976 1.39 2006 18586 1554 10161 1.67 2005 18951 1668 9670 1.78 The Nokia Corp.s quick ratio deteriorated from 2007 to 2008 but then improved from 2008 to 2009. 3.3 DEBTORS COLLECTION PERIOD(not edited ) The period, on average, that a business takes to collect the money owed to it by its trade debtors. If a company gives one months credit then, on average, it should collect its debts within 45 days. The debtor. he term Debtor Collection Period indicates the average time taken to collect trade debts. In other words, a reducing period of time is an indicator of increasing efficiency. it enables the enterprise to compare the real collection period with the granted/theoretical credit period. Debtor Collection Period = (Average Debtors / Credit Sales) x 365 ( = No. of days) (average debtors = debtors at the beginning of the year + debtors at the end of the year, divided by 2) Debtors Collection Period = Debtors X 365 Sales (2009 = 7981/40984*365 = 71.08) Year Debtor Sales Debtors Collection Period 2009 7981 40984 71.08 2008 9444 50710 67.97 2007 11200 51058 80.06 2006 5888 41121 52.26 2005 5346 34191 57.07 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) 3.4 CREDITORS PAYMENT PERIOD: Creditors Payment Period is the ratio that relates the amount owed to trade creditors by a company at the end of a specified period in relation to the cost of purchases bought on credit during that period i.e.; it is the total number of days that a company will take to settle the amounts it owes to its creditors. Creditors Payment Period = Creditors Purchase Year Creditors Purchase Creditors Payment Period 2009 4950 2008 5225 2007 7074 2006 3732 2005 3494 3.5 SPEED OF CASH FLOW: Speed of Cash Flow = Turnover Debtors 365 (2009 = 40984-7981/365 = 90.42) Year Turnover Debtors Speed of Cash Flow 2009 40984 7981 90.42 2008 50710 9444 113.05 2007 51058 11200 109.2 2006 41121 5888 96.52 2005 34191 5346 79.02 FINANCIAL STRUCTURE: (not edited) Financial Structure is the framework of the various types of financings employed by a firm to acquire and support resources necessary for its operations. Commonly, it comprises of stockholders (shareholders), investments (equity capital), long-term loans (loan capital), short-term loans (such as overdraft), and short-term liabilities (such as trade credit) as reflected on the right-hand side of the firms balance sheet. Capital structure, in comparison, does not include short-term liabilities.[7] 4.1 CAPITAL GEARING RATIO: Capital Gearing Ratio is the analyzes of the capital structure of a company. It is the measure of the percentage that the owner funds as opposed to the percentage the outsiders funds. If more capital is invested by the owners than the amount borrowed, the risk decreases. This is known as low gearing. If outside interest exceeds the owners interest, the risk increases. This is known as high gearing. Capital Gearing Ratio = Debt Debt +Equity (2009 = 20989/35738 = 0.59) Year Debt Equity Capital Gearing 2009 20989 35738 0.59 2008 23072 39582 0.58 2007 20261 37599 0.54 2006 10557 22617 0.47 2005 9938 22452 0.44 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) 4.2 INTEREST COVER: (not edited) Interest cover is a measure of the adequacy of a companys profits relative to interest payments on its debt. The lower the interest cover, the greater the risk that profit (before interest) will become insufficient to cover interest payments. It is: EBIT net interest paid A value of more than 2 is normally considered reasonably safe, but companies with very volatile earnings may require an even higher level, whereas companies that have very stable earnings, such as utilities, may well be very safe at a lower level. Similarly, cyclical companies at the bottom of their cycle may well have a low interest cover but investors who are confident of recovery may not be overly concerned by the apparent risk. Interest Cover = Gross Profit (Operational profit) Interest Payable (2009 = 13264/1661 = 7.99) Year Gross Profit Interest Payable Interest Cover 2009 13264 1661 7.99 2008 17373 2302 7.54 2007 17277 2565 6.73 2006 13379 92 145.42 2005 11982 205 58.45 (All the figures in the table above are in Euro m) 5 STOCK MARKET MEASURES: 5.1 PRICE PER EARNINGS: It is the valuation ratio of a companys current share price compared to its per-share earnings. Price Per Earnings Ratio = Market Price of Shares Earnings per Share (2009 = 8.88/0.24 = 37) Year Market Price of Share Earnings Per Share Price Per Earnings 2009 8.88 0.24 37 2008 20.04 1.07 18.73 2007 16.98 1.85 9.18 2006 17.08 1.06 16.11 2005 11.96 0.83 14.41 (All the share prices mentioned above has been calculated taking the date as 31st Mar for every five years) 5.2 EARNINGS PER SHARE: It is the portion of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.Ãâà Earnings per shareÃâà serve as an indicator ofÃâà a companys profitability. Earnings Per Share: Profit after Tax No: of Shares (it is given in d annual report) Year Earnings Per Share 2009 0.24 2008 1.07 2007 1.85 2006 1.06 2005 0.83 5.3 DIVIDEND YIELD Dividend yield = Dividend per share Market value per share (2009 = 0.40/8.88 = 0.045) Year Dividend Per Share Market Value Per Share Dividend Yield 200.9 0.40 8.88 0.045 2008 0.40 20.04 0.0199 2007 0.53 16.98 0.031 2006 0.43 17.08 0.025 2005 0.37 11.96 0.031 dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-35144462718008977242020-01-01T01:56:00.001-08:002020-01-01T01:56:04.007-08:00The Luxurious Presidential Suite Was A Rarity Among These... Short Story: The luxurious presidential suite was a rarity among these aged rails. Ornate decor and luxurious accommodations reflect the influence of fine Victorian elegance. Stained glass windows, rare wood carvings, deep pile carpets, opulent overstuffed furniture and a complete galley equipped with all the necessary facilities prepared the traveler with a taste of grandeur and equipped them with a sense of greater importance. The train was bound for Washington D.C. Equipped with the finest of suits, I was well-known for elegant attire. I brought along pictures from home in which I reminisced upon long, forgotten memories of my children and my wife. Reviving and reliving each and every picture. Each brought happiness and a smile to myâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Every bone inside my body froze entirely. Immediately, my body uncontrollably began exerting large amounts of sweat. My heart which was once tired from exhaustion, forcefully pumping blood quicker than ever. My lifetime flashed befor e me. In an unclear haze , my thoughts shifted to my children Alan and Herbert Jr. The realization that my time with them had been short and the idea of not providing a substantial and consistent appearance that is essential in providing at least a decent childhood experience.for them, devastated me..Commotion and panic existed in the car in which the sound had been heard and had surprisingly increased. My attention withdrew from my children as I quickly dashed towards my suite. Three minutes later, I was alarmed by the sound of screaming and repeated pounding on the door. My heart froze. ââ¬Å"Crack!â⬠The noise was heard again. Even closer this time. The knocking and the screaming stopped and I was completely overwhelmed with mixed emotions, mainly fear. ââ¬Å"Open up!â⬠said a rather firm yet weary voice. My panic and distress caused me to resist opening my mouth and revealing my location. Without making a sound, I cautiously made my way to the rear platform where stairs leading to the top of the train were. ââ¬Å"Open up!â⬠the voice said again with an authoritative tone. Didnââ¬â¢t say a word. My sweaty palms grasped the stairs and I dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-63236965794274623352019-12-23T21:41:00.001-08:002019-12-23T21:41:03.425-08:00Weapons of Mass Destruction Problems or Solutions Essay Throughout history people have searched high and low for weapons to turn the tides of war. With modern technology we have reached a point that at the push of a button we could destroy our entire planet. The question now is, are the weapons needed for protection, or should they be destroyed in an effort to save the world from potential destruction? There are no right answers, only the loss of power or the loss of humanity. Which should we choose? We must all learn the dangers of weapons of mass destruction to decide which side to stand up for. Government and Military strength has always decided which countries are the best in the world. Now with drones, the development of lasers, and nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, every modernâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In World War II, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The effect was devastating and widespread, as illustrated in the graphic below (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people.Within 24 hours, the survivors started getting symptoms of radiation poisoning including the flu, nausea and vomiting, headaches, fatigue, fever, red patches, peeling skin, and sometimes blistering. Tens of thousands more would later die of more lethal doses of radiation exposure (Nuclear Radiation). Three days later, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Below are images of replicas of the ââ¬Å"Little Boyâ⬠bomb left (environmental encyclopedia) and the ââ¬Å"Fat Manâ⬠bomb right (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). The ââ¬Å"Little Boyâ⬠bomb was a more than 9,000-pound uranium-235 bomb that caused a blast equal to 12-15,000 tons of TNT, destroying five square miles of the city. The ââ¬Å"Fat Manâ⬠bomb was More powerful than the one used at Hiroshima, the bomb weighed nearly 10,000 pounds an d was built to produce a 22-kiloton blast (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). The largest nuclear weapon detonated since, was in 1961 and had the famous nicknames, either the ââ¬Å"Tsar Bomba or Big Ivan.â⬠It was a 50 megaton nuclear bomb designed to have a yield ofShow MoreRelatedThe Weapons Of Mass Destruction1665 Words à |à 7 PagesWeapons of Mass Destruction are a huge risk to the society due to the mass amount of lives that can be taken with the detonation or use of a weapon of mass destruction. In the past an estimated 4,186,000 - 4,385,000 people have died due to a weapon of mass destruction (WMD). If all the WMDââ¬â¢s as of now in the world were released A WMD is by definition of United States Law any destructive deviceâ⬠¦any weapon that is designed or intended to cause death or serious bodily injury through the releaseRead MoreWhich Choice Will a Terrorist Make? Chemical or Biological Weapons1763 Words à |à 7 PagesChemical or Biological Weapons? As the last great superpower, the United States has reason to fear escalating terroristic attacks. 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Under this treaty, a totalRead MoreDisarment, Weapons of Mass Destruction and Outer Space: Mongoliaà ´s Stand1469 Words à |à 6 Pages The topics before the First Committee are: Relationship between Disarmament and Development, Measures to prevent Terrorists from acquiring Weapons of Mass Destruction, Prevention of arms Race in Outer Space. Mongolia is dedicated to collaborative multilateral approaches to ensuring the worldââ¬â¢s peace.Read MoreNuclear War : Power Versus Peace Essay1591 Words à |à 7 Pagessociety people must consider the possible devastation a major war could bring to the world and society as a whole. Throughout history the US has successfully avenged threats made to our nation, homes, and citizens but, what if the menace becomes mass destruction? 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One can destroy a whole city, potentially killing millions, and jeopardizing the natural environmentRead MoreThe Black Belt Region Of Alabama1307 Words à |à 6 PagesOne of the many problems that people in the United States face today is the problem of unemployment. Unfortunately, many Americans who are in desperate need of steady income just cannot find a reliable source of employment. In the United States, the rate of unemployment is currently 4.8 percent. Furthermore, in the state of Alabama, the unemployment rate in 5.9 percent. By looking at those statistics, it is easy to see that there definitely could be a direct correlation between high unemploymentRead MoreWould a World Without Nuclear Weapons Be More or Less Secure?1610 Words à |à 7 PagesNuclear weapons are the deadliest weapon ever created by the human being, ââ¬Å"Western newspapers struggled to explain how thousands of American, British and Canadian scientists had managed to harness the power of the sun to such deadly effectâ⬠, becoming weapons of mass annihilation. Though, do they provide us security? Itââ¬â¢s true that they can provide nuclear deterrence, but can they actually physically protect us against a nuclear attack? The answer is no. Thus, possessing them doesnââ¬â¢t make us anyRead MoreThe Government Of Us Should Not Allow People With Buy And Use Gun For Personal Purpose987 Wo rds à |à 4 PagesPossessing a weapon such as gun for personal defense does not provide solution for maintaining greater level of security. A. For protection and security, gun is not merely the solution because it is the responsibility of state to provide protection to its citizens. B. There does not exist any valid reason for gun owner to acquire and use it. C. Gun owner face a lot of serious problems (such as improper use may lead to death of the owner or any other family member) as a result of acquiring the weapon. IIRead MoreThe War Of The World War II1387 Words à |à 6 PagesAxis powers were Italy, Japan, and Germany. World War II involved more nations, cost more money, and killed more people than any war before its time. The American-English dictionary defines total war as ââ¬Å"[a] war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.â⬠To say World War II was not a total war would be nonsense. World War II can be considered the quintessential modern total dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-40968641670873844322019-12-15T18:11:00.001-08:002019-12-15T18:11:02.415-08:00Yogurt Fermentation Free Essays Yogurt Fermentation Yogurt is made by lactic acid fermentation. The main (starter) cultures in yogurt are Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The function of the starter cultures is to ferment lactose (milk sugar) to produce lactic acid. We will write a custom essay sample on Yogurt Fermentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The increase in lactic acid decreases pH and causes the milk to clot, or form the soft gel that is characteristic of yogurt. The fermentation of lactose also produces the flavor compounds that are characteristic of yogurt. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are the only 2 cultures required by law (CFR) to be present in yogurt. Other bacterial cultures, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus subsp. casei, and Bifido-bacteria may be added to yogurt as probiotic cultures. Probiotic cultures benefit human health by improving lactose digestion, gastrointestinal function, and stimulating the immune system. Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation. Basically, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cellââ¬â¢s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces ââ¬â that is, transfers electrons to ââ¬â NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited supply of NAD+ available in a cell. For glycolysis to continue, NADH must be oxidized ââ¬â that is, have electrons taken away ââ¬â to regenerate the NAD+. This is usually done through an electron transport chain in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. However, this mechanism is not available without oxygen. Instead, the NADH donates its extra electrons to the pyruvate molecules formed during glycolysis. Since the NADH has lost electrons, NAD+ regenerates and is again available for glycolysis. Lactic acid, for which this process is named, is formed by the reduction of pyruvate. The total fermentation process to make yogurt is fairly simply. The milk mixture is pasteurized at 185à °F (85à °C) for 30 minutes or at 203à °F (95à °C) for 10 minutes. A high heat treatment is used to denature the whey (serum) proteins. This allows the proteins to form a more stable gel, which prevents separation of the water during storage. The high heat treatment also further reduces the number of spoilage organisms in the milk to provide a better environment for the starter cultures to grow. Yogurt is pasteurized before the starter cultures are added to ensure that the cultures remain active in the yogurt after fermentation to act as probiotics; if the yogurt is pasteurized after fermentation the cultures will be inactivated. Next, the blend is homogenized (2000 to 2500 psi) to mix all ingredients thoroughly and improve yogurt consistency. Then, the milk is cooled to 108à °F (42à °C) to bring the yogurt to the ideal growth temperature for the starter culture. Following this, the starter cultures are mixed into the cooled milk. Next, the milk is held at 108à °F (42à °C) until a pH 4. 5 is reached. This allows the fermentation to progress to form a soft gel and the characteristic flavor of yogurt. This process can take several hours. The yogurt is then cooled to 7à °C to stop the fermentation process. Fruit and flavors are added at different steps depending on the type of yogurt. Finally, the yogurt is pumped from the fermentation vat and packaged as desired. Primary Source: ââ¬Å"Yogurt Production. â⬠Milk Facts. Cornell University, n. d. Web. 8 Oct 2012. How to cite Yogurt Fermentation, Essay examples dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-11439401499259769482019-12-07T14:54:00.001-08:002019-12-07T14:54:04.877-08:00Painkiller(1990) by Judas Priest free essay sample Judas Priest in the 80s wasnt exactly the best of times to be honest. For one weve gotten albums like Turbo and Ram it Down which ended off the decade on a bad note, and they seem kind of tired when campared to the 70s. That all changed with the release of Painkiller. What is there to say about this album that hasnt already been said, well Painkiller is a comeback album that is all there really needs to be said. While it is unlike Screaming for Vengence, because I dont own the album in question, I wish I did. The album consists of nine heavy and mostly fast almost thrashy tracks. If its remastered you get a bonus of Lether Rebel(live) and Living Bad Dreams which is nothing compared to the rest of the album. Songs like Painkiller, Lether Rebel, Metal Metaldown and Between the Hammer and The Anvil are all fast and brutally heavy songs. We will write a custom essay sample on Painkiller(1990) by Judas Priest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Where as songs like A Touch of Evil and One Shot at Glory make for some of the more creery sounding songs, the latter of which is a bit faster. K. K. Downing and his twin guitar companion also make for some of the best Judas Priest solos in their entire career. Rob Halfords vocals are as high as they can get in this album especially in songs like Hell Patrol, Painkiller and Metal Meltdown. This is a true classic in every sense of the word. It would definetly fit in my Top 25 albums of all time because Judas Priest made a turn for the best in this album. This album speaks to me very well. Id have to give this album a 10/10. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-83289179536113429382019-11-30T02:37:00.001-08:002019-11-30T02:37:03.091-08:00John Stuart Mill Essays (341 words) - Classical Economists John Stuart Mill After reading 100% of the book, New Ideas From Dead Economists, I chose to write a little summery of John Stuart Mill. I did a little outside research on the subject, because his theories and philosophies were intriguing to me. I was impressed by his change in his views as he entered his mid twenties. John Stuart Mill was born in London on May 20, 1806, and was the oldest son of James Mill. His education, as a boy, was carried out by his father, James Mill. Johns discipline was extremely rigid, as a result, he believed it gave him the intellectual advantage of a quarter century on his contemporaries. Later in life Mill recognized that his fathers extreme system of intellectual discipline gave him little time to develop social and emotional relationships with others. He regretted this aspect of his childhood. Mill was considered a leader in thought at the young age of twenty-one. This is when he encountered a mental crisis. The cause of the crisis, extreme mental and physical strain, gave him as he called it, a dull state of nerves. He realized that the goals in his life, that his father had given him, stolen the feelings out of him. After many months of despair, he found that the emotions within him were not dead. One important factor in this emotional realization was a woman by the name of Mrs. Taylor. She was known to help Mill in authoring works of his, and a good friend. While she was married, Mill held a close relationship with her. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Taylor and John Mill were married in 1851. After this he had great success publishing in multiple literary journals. These articles had ranged from those relating to philosophy and social to political and economic. One of his earliest was with The Westminster Review, but were mostly for The London Review. Through thes e articles, we can trace his gradual development and change in his radical politics. Economics Essays dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-31647148584236862212019-11-25T23:32:00.001-08:002019-11-25T23:32:04.314-08:00The Global Sullivan Principles â⬠Ethics PaperThe Global Sullivan Principles ââ¬â Ethics Paper Free Online Research Papers The Global Sullivan Principles Ethics Paper The original Sullivan Principles were developed by a Baptist Minister named Reverend Leon Sullivan. He established the principles as a code of conduct for human rights and equal opportunity for companies operating in South Africa. The original Sullivan Principles were designed to help persuade U.S. companies with investments in South Africa to treat their South African employees with the same regard as they do their American colleagues and friends. At the time of the development of the original Sullivan Principles in 1977, Reverend Sullivan was the first African American appointed to the Board of Directors of General Motors. During this time, General Motors was the leading employer of blacks in South Africa; therefore Sullivan decided to use his position on the Board of Directors to apply economic pressure to end an unjust system of segregation. On three different occasions, Reverend Sullivan was able to bring 25 top CEOââ¬â¢s from around the world together for a private summit to discuss ending apartheid in South Africa. At the end of the summit all 25 companies were behind Sullivanââ¬â¢s efforts to end apartheid. The results of these meetings have been known as one of Reverend Sulli vanââ¬â¢s most important accomplishments which in return broke the back of apartheid in South Africa and led to its independence and the presidency of Nelson Mandela. At the request of world and industry leaders, in 1999 Reverend Sullivan re-launched the principles in what is now known as the Global Sullivan Principles for Corporate Social Responsibility. At a special meeting, Sullivan had the UN Secretary-General formally introduce the new principles to the corporate world. As per the preamble of the Global Sullivan Principles, they were established to urge companies to do the following: 1. Support economic, social and political justice by companies where they do business. 2. Support human rights and encourage equal opportunity at all levels of employment, including racial and gender diversity on decision making committees and boards. 3. To train and advance disadvantaged workers for technical, supervisory and management opportunities. 4. To assist with greater tolerance and understanding among peoples; thereby helping to improve the quality of life for communities, workers and children with dignity and equality. (The Global Sullivan Principles, Preamble) These newly formed Principles call for multinational companies to play a much larger role in the advancement of human rights and social justice. Reverend Sullivan invites all companies, no matter what size or type of business, to become an endorser of the Principles. If a company wishes to be associated with the Principles, they are expected to provide information which publicly demonstrates its commitment to the principles. Each endorser of the Principles must take part in an annual reporting process, which documents their process of bringing social responsibility to life. These reports are displayed on the Global Sullivan Principles website. As I read through the list of endorsers of the Global Sullivan Principles, I was excited to see the City of Houston listed as one. Research Papers on The Global Sullivan Principles - Ethics PaperOpen Architechture a white paperMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Three Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-43578007097685654932019-11-22T06:55:00.001-08:002019-11-22T06:55:04.346-08:00Article Review This article tells us that nowadays, people and Industries do not really care about the sustainability of the resources they have exploited. The profit to be made is comes first There are three types of resources; they are renewable resources, partially renewable resources, and nonrenewable resource. Regardless the types of resources, the exploiting agents have their own obligation. Industries may get an enormous pront by xploiting the fossil fuels; but, It Is killing softly the environment of our planet. 5. What is the writers message or purpose in writing this article? Based on my analysis, what the writer tried to say s that human, ds the actor behind the exploitation of natural resources, is actually attached responsibility. If people want to take something trom the environment, It means that they also have to do the planetary liabilities For example, for those who make their living from theoretically renewable resources, they have to ensure that the resource Is actually enewed. e. Olve your personal comment on the article as a conclusion of your article review. Now, I already know how to have a good way on taking responsibility to the environment. I think this article Is clearly described what we have to do to the environment as our planetary liabilities. We are not allowed to exploiting the natural FORM-2 Faculty Class Emotional Intelligence Patricia Holt 3. Explain in two or three sentences why you have chosen this article. I have chosen this article because the topic of the article is interesting me. I like topic about psychological research like what this article is talking about. I also interested with the statement of this article which says: emotional ability is more important than IQ in determining an individuals success in life. . Explain briefly in four or five sentences what the article is about. This article explains about the famous impulse control test at a San Fransisco lecture by Daniel Goleman, called The Marshmallow Challenge. He did an experiment that involves a kind man, four-year-children, and some marshmallow during the 1960s. The experiment was continuing dozen years later and he got a result: some chil dren who had resisted eating the marshmallow and waited for the promised double prize were clearly more socially competent than the others. He also stated that if the emotions stored in the brain are those of restraint, selfawareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, empathy, hope, and optimism, then we become endowed with an emotional intelligence which is good. analysis, the writer of this article tried to explain about recent discoveries in brain esearch that prove emotional stability is more important than IQ in determining an individuals success in life, as stated early on this article. People who are better in emotional intelligence are more sociable, confident, and have a better strength on facing difficulty. 6. Give your personal comment on the article as a conclusion of your article review. I think this article gives us a very important fact that maybe not everybody knew. Now, after read this article, I guess we have to develop our emotional intelligence our intelligence quotient (Q) for balancing our mind. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-42747292031944575122019-11-20T21:16:00.001-08:002019-11-20T21:16:07.943-08:00Investments, Corp. Finance and Financial Markets EssayInvestments, Corp. Finance and Financial Markets - Essay Example This has adverse effects on the financial institution such as insolvency and therefore banks employ the 5 Cââ¬â¢s of Credit Scoring to evaluate whether or not a person should be entitled to a loan. The 5 Cââ¬â¢s are based on the characteristics of the borrower and are explained in detail as follows. Character- The bank seeks basic information from the borrower such as his trustworthiness, integrity, work, reputation based on previous history with lenders, any defaults. Some of this information could be accessed easily through credit reports. A credit report is a report generated by the Credit Reference Bureau detailing information on a personââ¬â¢s credit history including identifying information, credit accounts and loans, bankruptcies, late payments and enquiries. Because credit history shall make up the biggest percentage of a borrowerââ¬â¢s eventual credit score, it makes sense that he focuses his attention on that factor. This helps evaluate whether he is credit worthy. Capital- The borrowerââ¬â¢s equity or net worth is checked in comparison to the amount he so wishes to borrow. If the capital invested is way below the amount borrowed, then that could raise red flags in his ability to repay the loan. Capacity- The borrower is gauged on his sufficiency of yielding positive cash flows during the loan repayment period and the amount is pre-calculated using different analysis criteria such as the Net Present Value, Profitability Index. If he passes this stage, he has to provide a credible plan on his willingness to repay his loan when itââ¬â¢s due. Conditions- Economic conditions dictate whether a loan should be granted to a borrower. For instance, in periods of economic recovery or boom, it is safe for a borrower to be granted a loan because chances of him defaulting are minimal. However, in the recession period, itââ¬â¢s most likely that the borrower will not be in a position to fully settle his obligations and therefore banks dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-53099680171577544592019-11-19T00:53:00.001-08:002019-11-19T00:53:03.574-08:00Huge Quantity of Heroin Seized in Bronx Term PaperHuge Quantity of Heroin Seized in Bronx - Term Paper Example The men arrested in this particular operation would be booked for various charges, including those related to other offenses linked to their primary operation of narcotics processing and distribution. But two of the main charges against them would be Criminal Possession of Controlled Substances and Criminal Sale of Controlled Substances, as per the New York Penal Law. Depending on pertinent facts of individual cases, the punishments of these crimes vary from a simple fine to imprisonment for a duration extending to more than a decade.But in this particular case, as the arrested men are a part of a well-organized criminal gang, there is a very small possibility of the eventual punishment being on the milder side. As a matter of fact, it would not be an exaggeration in maintaining that the accused, in all probability, would be handed over a severe sentence. It needs to be conceded that the final punishment in the case would rely on various vital factors such as other facts of the case and the defense, to cite a few. Before focusing on the aspect of the defense, an understanding needs to be obtained about the two Latin Terms ââ¬âActus Reus and Mens Rea. This is of utmost relevance for thoroughly appreciating the likely possibilities of this particular case. Actus Reus, which means a ââ¬Å"guilty actâ⬠, refers to the actual act that is punishable by the Criminal Law. On the other hand, Mens Rea, whose meaning is guilty mind, refers to the actual intention in the mind of the person, while committing that act. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-737627660443896252019-11-16T13:24:00.001-08:002019-11-16T13:24:04.170-08:00Eddie Lyons Essay Example for Free Eddie Lyons Essay The musical play Blood Brothers, written by Willy Russell, is the story of twins separated at birth. Mrs Johnstone, a working-class Liverpudlian mother of seven children, agrees to give one of the twins she is expecting to her wealthy but barren employer, Mrs Lyons. The infant kept, Mickey Johnstone, grows up in poverty while his twin, Eddie Lyons, enters a privileged life. Bound by fear of discovery, and superstition that should either of the boys learn he has a twin, both will die on that day, so the mothers keep the exchange secret. Completely unaware that they are brothers, Mickey and Eddie meet as seven-year-old children and form friendship that lasts until the day they die. It is that concluding tragic event in fact, that is the opening scene of the play, which then backtracks to recount their separate and interwoven lives of success and despair. Willy Russell wrote Blood Brothers in the 1960s. He was born in 1947, in Whiston which is just outside Liverpool, and has based the story here around his own experiences. He grew up in Liverpool in a working class family, singing in clubs to earn a living and at the age of 22 he worked in a warehouse to raise money for college. He was confronted even from an early age with the injustice of the two-class society. Thus there are clear biographical parallels to the character of Mickey. He was also influenced by females during his life thus the strong relations to the mother in this work. Liverpool in those days was split according to social class. This means people in that time were divided along the lines of being rich and poor, the educated and non-educated etc. Liverpool has been the home to one of the highest levels of unemployment in the developed world, with over 25% of the workforce out of a job, and it is important to consider this when taking account of Russells depiction and own views of class and unemployment The main theme of Russells play is based on this social class difference although there are strong elements of fate and destiny, superstition, surrogacy, childhood and adolescence, humour and tragedy. Blood Brothers is more than a simple morality tale of twin brothers separated as infants, who, after radically different upbringings, reunite (oblivious of their blood bond) as closest friends. It also focuses on two very different mothers, one-the birth mother- unselfishly giving and accepting, while the others love is neurotic, stifling and ultimately destructive. These two mothers lived all their lives close or near to each other, but in terms of class they lived miles apart. Mrs. Johnstone a single and working class woman is earning a meagre living as a cleaning lady at the home of the affluent Mrs. Lyons. We are first introduced to Mrs. Johnstone, who describes her experience of a halfhearted marriage and the arrival of her numerous children. It is with a bittersweet attitude of acceptance that she explains the moment her husband deserts her, the costs of living for which she has little means and the news that she is expecting not one more mouth to feed but two. Mrs. Lyons does not need to go to work, only shopping. In contrast to this Mrs. Johnstone cannot even pay the milkman, she says, I said, I said, look, next week Ill pay y. We see the contrast of social classes between Mrs. Johnstones home and the home in which she cleans, the home of Mr. and Mrs. Lyons. Whilst the home of the Johnstones plays host to the constant clamour of childhood Games and battles, Mrs. Lyons is often alone whilst Mr. Lyons is on business, in an impeccable house that suffers somewhat from a cold and sterile atmosphere. The opening scenes develop this theme. All through the play we see significant differences between Mrs. Lyons and Mrs. Johnstone. In the beginning the Narrator describes Mrs. Johnstone as the mother, so cruel but this is not actually what he means. For instance, the fact that Mrs. Johnstone allows the boys to go to the cinema to watch the Swedish Au Pairs film could be seen as negligent, and we know that Mrs. Lyons would have definitely not been so liberal. In reality we see that Mrs. Johnstone has a better understanding and acceptance of the fact that young boys will be sexually curious and she does not try to suppress their curiosity. She is depicted as a down to earth and the more approachable mother- she of course gains instant credibility with her two sons. This incident also exemplifies that happiness when growing up is not assured by social status or wealth. Instead of viewing Mrs. Johnstone as a cruel character, we are lead to sympathise with her dilemma. We see her handle her house full of children with endless patience and tenderness. Despite being trapped by her social position and her lack of funds, she is down to earth and does not see money as the answer to her problems. We see her refuse money (for giving her child away) from the desperate Mrs. Lyons MRS LYONS: Thousands Im talking about thousands if you want it, and think what you could do with money like that. MRS JOHNSTONE: Id spend it. Id buy more junk and trash; thats all. I dont want your money. Ive made a life here. Its not much of one maybe, but I made it. In contrast, Mrs. Lyons is very aware of her social position and the above scene indicates that she sees money as a solution to the problem of Mrs. Johnstone. Mrs. Lyons is also portrayed as a cold woman who doesnt show much emotion. She is very over-protective of Eddie and fears his bond with the Johnstones. Later in the play this fear becomes more evident and she appears as a troubled, weird character that appears to be losing control this is evident when she attempts to attack Mrs. Johnstone with a kitchen knife. Mrs. Johnstone is very strong not only physically but also psychologically. She is not a person who cries for help and gets depressed and upset if something goes wrong. An example of this is highlighted on the way she copes ( laying on a smile for him ) with the judge when Sammy gets into trouble. In contrast to this Mrs. Lyons asks for help from her husband every time she has difficulty. She gets depressed very easily e. g. when Eddie isnt in the garden because he went away to play with Mickey, so Mrs. Lyons forces her husband to leave work during the day to find Eddie. She also runs away from problems whenever she can, rather than dealing with them e.g. she was prepared to move homes to split Eddie from Mickey. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1889142896765070034.post-88591619165262065332019-11-14T01:55:00.001-08:002019-11-14T01:55:03.351-08:00Rainy Day :: essays research papers Itââ¬â¢s a rainy day today! I am sitting at my window and watching the beauty of nature. This is great sight! I love the scenes the nature has created today. Let me share it with you! The falling water droplets make the air cool and environment calm. When it starts raining slowly every one rushes to safe place to save them. Women rush to roof to take their cloth down to save from getting wet. Small children gets excited. You can easily see them jumping and trying to come out to take a feel of rain. Have you watched the scene on roads when it starts raining. â⬠¦ ha ha its funny scene. Some people try to escape by running/ some try to take shelter under otherââ¬â¢s roof / some take bag or books magazines on their head and try to escape. But this is all when it is weak rain. â⬠¦ but when it is heavy rain one has no way. Even umbrellas are insufficient. The heavy lightning with thunderous soundâ⬠¦.. God save us! Prays the poor in his hut. Every one comes out on window and peeps out side scene. If you have a field in front you will hear songs of frog. Have u seen them when they speak/ their vocal sac. This seems like a baloon. The old ponders the rain scene and remembers his child hood and young days. He never forgets to guard his grand children waiting to jump in rain. Still u see the eager ness of children if they could have been permitted to take a bath. What is more that when it rains with heavy wind. U shut your door and window. And still manage to peep out side! â⬠¦Ha ha ha !â⬠¦ Hands off to God â⬠¦.on this beautiful scene creation. How beautiful is the scene of nature! The black thunderous cloud, the fading day light due to its darkness, birds rushing to their nests. And the unique beauty of raining. Well this is not all. When it stops rainingâ⬠¦. Itââ¬â¢s a different pleasure! â⬠¦. Small water droplets droping from wet leaves one after one.. creating different sounds when droping on water/ dry leaves/ wood or metal. Have you heard them! They sound great! Small children making paper boats and sailing them. On low lands water are logged. dhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14467291869775319479noreply@blogger.com0