Saturday, November 30, 2019

John Stuart Mill Essays (341 words) - Classical Economists

John Stuart Mill After reading 100% of the book, New Ideas From Dead Economists, I chose to write a little summery of John Stuart Mill. I did a little outside research on the subject, because his theories and philosophies were intriguing to me. I was impressed by his change in his views as he entered his mid twenties. John Stuart Mill was born in London on May 20, 1806, and was the oldest son of James Mill. His education, as a boy, was carried out by his father, James Mill. Johns discipline was extremely rigid, as a result, he believed it gave him the intellectual advantage of a quarter century on his contemporaries. Later in life Mill recognized that his fathers extreme system of intellectual discipline gave him little time to develop social and emotional relationships with others. He regretted this aspect of his childhood. Mill was considered a leader in thought at the young age of twenty-one. This is when he encountered a mental crisis. The cause of the crisis, extreme mental and physical strain, gave him as he called it, a dull state of nerves. He realized that the goals in his life, that his father had given him, stolen the feelings out of him. After many months of despair, he found that the emotions within him were not dead. One important factor in this emotional realization was a woman by the name of Mrs. Taylor. She was known to help Mill in authoring works of his, and a good friend. While she was married, Mill held a close relationship with her. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Taylor and John Mill were married in 1851. After this he had great success publishing in multiple literary journals. These articles had ranged from those relating to philosophy and social to political and economic. One of his earliest was with The Westminster Review, but were mostly for The London Review. Through thes e articles, we can trace his gradual development and change in his radical politics. Economics Essays

Monday, November 25, 2019

The Global Sullivan Principles †Ethics Paper

The Global Sullivan Principles – Ethics Paper Free Online Research Papers The Global Sullivan Principles Ethics Paper The original Sullivan Principles were developed by a Baptist Minister named Reverend Leon Sullivan. He established the principles as a code of conduct for human rights and equal opportunity for companies operating in South Africa. The original Sullivan Principles were designed to help persuade U.S. companies with investments in South Africa to treat their South African employees with the same regard as they do their American colleagues and friends. At the time of the development of the original Sullivan Principles in 1977, Reverend Sullivan was the first African American appointed to the Board of Directors of General Motors. During this time, General Motors was the leading employer of blacks in South Africa; therefore Sullivan decided to use his position on the Board of Directors to apply economic pressure to end an unjust system of segregation. On three different occasions, Reverend Sullivan was able to bring 25 top CEO’s from around the world together for a private summit to discuss ending apartheid in South Africa. At the end of the summit all 25 companies were behind Sullivan’s efforts to end apartheid. The results of these meetings have been known as one of Reverend Sulli van’s most important accomplishments which in return broke the back of apartheid in South Africa and led to its independence and the presidency of Nelson Mandela. At the request of world and industry leaders, in 1999 Reverend Sullivan re-launched the principles in what is now known as the Global Sullivan Principles for Corporate Social Responsibility. At a special meeting, Sullivan had the UN Secretary-General formally introduce the new principles to the corporate world. As per the preamble of the Global Sullivan Principles, they were established to urge companies to do the following: 1. Support economic, social and political justice by companies where they do business. 2. Support human rights and encourage equal opportunity at all levels of employment, including racial and gender diversity on decision making committees and boards. 3. To train and advance disadvantaged workers for technical, supervisory and management opportunities. 4. To assist with greater tolerance and understanding among peoples; thereby helping to improve the quality of life for communities, workers and children with dignity and equality. (The Global Sullivan Principles, Preamble) These newly formed Principles call for multinational companies to play a much larger role in the advancement of human rights and social justice. Reverend Sullivan invites all companies, no matter what size or type of business, to become an endorser of the Principles. If a company wishes to be associated with the Principles, they are expected to provide information which publicly demonstrates its commitment to the principles. Each endorser of the Principles must take part in an annual reporting process, which documents their process of bringing social responsibility to life. These reports are displayed on the Global Sullivan Principles website. As I read through the list of endorsers of the Global Sullivan Principles, I was excited to see the City of Houston listed as one. Research Papers on The Global Sullivan Principles - Ethics PaperOpen Architechture a white paperMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Three Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Friday, November 22, 2019

Article Review

This article tells us that nowadays, people and Industries do not really care about the sustainability of the resources they have exploited. The profit to be made is comes first There are three types of resources; they are renewable resources, partially renewable resources, and nonrenewable resource. Regardless the types of resources, the exploiting agents have their own obligation. Industries may get an enormous pront by xploiting the fossil fuels; but, It Is killing softly the environment of our planet. 5. What is the writers message or purpose in writing this article? Based on my analysis, what the writer tried to say s that human, ds the actor behind the exploitation of natural resources, is actually attached responsibility. If people want to take something trom the environment, It means that they also have to do the planetary liabilities For example, for those who make their living from theoretically renewable resources, they have to ensure that the resource Is actually enewed. e. Olve your personal comment on the article as a conclusion of your article review. Now, I already know how to have a good way on taking responsibility to the environment. I think this article Is clearly described what we have to do to the environment as our planetary liabilities. We are not allowed to exploiting the natural FORM-2 Faculty Class Emotional Intelligence Patricia Holt 3. Explain in two or three sentences why you have chosen this article. I have chosen this article because the topic of the article is interesting me. I like topic about psychological research like what this article is talking about. I also interested with the statement of this article which says: emotional ability is more important than IQ in determining an individuals success in life. . Explain briefly in four or five sentences what the article is about. This article explains about the famous impulse control test at a San Fransisco lecture by Daniel Goleman, called The Marshmallow Challenge. He did an experiment that involves a kind man, four-year-children, and some marshmallow during the 1960s. The experiment was continuing dozen years later and he got a result: some chil dren who had resisted eating the marshmallow and waited for the promised double prize were clearly more socially competent than the others. He also stated that if the emotions stored in the brain are those of restraint, selfawareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, empathy, hope, and optimism, then we become endowed with an emotional intelligence which is good. analysis, the writer of this article tried to explain about recent discoveries in brain esearch that prove emotional stability is more important than IQ in determining an individuals success in life, as stated early on this article. People who are better in emotional intelligence are more sociable, confident, and have a better strength on facing difficulty. 6. Give your personal comment on the article as a conclusion of your article review. I think this article gives us a very important fact that maybe not everybody knew. Now, after read this article, I guess we have to develop our emotional intelligence our intelligence quotient (Q) for balancing our mind.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Investments, Corp. Finance and Financial Markets Essay

Investments, Corp. Finance and Financial Markets - Essay Example This has adverse effects on the financial institution such as insolvency and therefore banks employ the 5 C’s of Credit Scoring to evaluate whether or not a person should be entitled to a loan. The 5 C’s are based on the characteristics of the borrower and are explained in detail as follows. Character- The bank seeks basic information from the borrower such as his trustworthiness, integrity, work, reputation based on previous history with lenders, any defaults. Some of this information could be accessed easily through credit reports. A credit report is a report generated by the Credit Reference Bureau detailing information on a person’s credit history including identifying information, credit accounts and loans, bankruptcies, late payments and enquiries. Because credit history shall make up the biggest percentage of a borrower’s eventual credit score, it makes sense that he focuses his attention on that factor. This helps evaluate whether he is credit worthy. Capital- The borrower’s equity or net worth is checked in comparison to the amount he so wishes to borrow. If the capital invested is way below the amount borrowed, then that could raise red flags in his ability to repay the loan. Capacity- The borrower is gauged on his sufficiency of yielding positive cash flows during the loan repayment period and the amount is pre-calculated using different analysis criteria such as the Net Present Value, Profitability Index. If he passes this stage, he has to provide a credible plan on his willingness to repay his loan when it’s due. Conditions- Economic conditions dictate whether a loan should be granted to a borrower. For instance, in periods of economic recovery or boom, it is safe for a borrower to be granted a loan because chances of him defaulting are minimal. However, in the recession period, it’s most likely that the borrower will not be in a position to fully settle his obligations and therefore banks

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Huge Quantity of Heroin Seized in Bronx Term Paper

Huge Quantity of Heroin Seized in Bronx - Term Paper Example The men arrested in this particular operation would be booked for various charges, including those related to other offenses linked to their primary operation of narcotics processing and distribution. But two of the main charges against them would be Criminal Possession of Controlled Substances and Criminal Sale of Controlled Substances, as per the New York Penal Law. Depending on pertinent facts of individual cases, the punishments of these crimes vary from a simple fine to imprisonment for a duration extending to more than a decade.But in this particular case, as the arrested men are a part of a well-organized criminal gang, there is a very small possibility of the eventual punishment being on the milder side. As a matter of fact, it would not be an exaggeration in maintaining that the accused, in all probability, would be handed over a severe sentence. It needs to be conceded that the final punishment in the case would rely on various vital factors such as other facts of the case and the defense, to cite a few. Before focusing on the aspect of the defense, an understanding needs to be obtained about the two Latin Terms –Actus Reus and Mens Rea. This is of utmost relevance for thoroughly appreciating the likely possibilities of this particular case. Actus Reus, which means a â€Å"guilty act†, refers to the actual act that is punishable by the Criminal Law. On the other hand, Mens Rea, whose meaning is guilty mind, refers to the actual intention in the mind of the person, while committing that act.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Eddie Lyons Essay Example for Free

Eddie Lyons Essay The musical play Blood Brothers, written by Willy Russell, is the story of twins separated at birth. Mrs Johnstone, a working-class Liverpudlian mother of seven children, agrees to give one of the twins she is expecting to her wealthy but barren employer, Mrs Lyons. The infant kept, Mickey Johnstone, grows up in poverty while his twin, Eddie Lyons, enters a privileged life. Bound by fear of discovery, and superstition that should either of the boys learn he has a twin, both will die on that day, so the mothers keep the exchange secret. Completely unaware that they are brothers, Mickey and Eddie meet as seven-year-old children and form friendship that lasts until the day they die. It is that concluding tragic event in fact, that is the opening scene of the play, which then backtracks to recount their separate and interwoven lives of success and despair. Willy Russell wrote Blood Brothers in the 1960s. He was born in 1947, in Whiston which is just outside Liverpool, and has based the story here around his own experiences. He grew up in Liverpool in a working class family, singing in clubs to earn a living and at the age of 22 he worked in a warehouse to raise money for college. He was confronted even from an early age with the injustice of the two-class society. Thus there are clear biographical parallels to the character of Mickey. He was also influenced by females during his life thus the strong relations to the mother in this work. Liverpool in those days was split according to social class. This means people in that time were divided along the lines of being rich and poor, the educated and non-educated etc. Liverpool has been the home to one of the highest levels of unemployment in the developed world, with over 25% of the workforce out of a job, and it is important to consider this when taking account of Russells depiction and own views of class and unemployment The main theme of Russells play is based on this social class difference although there are strong elements of fate and destiny, superstition, surrogacy, childhood and adolescence, humour and tragedy. Blood Brothers is more than a simple morality tale of twin brothers separated as infants, who, after radically different upbringings, reunite (oblivious of their blood bond) as closest friends. It also focuses on two very different mothers, one-the birth mother- unselfishly giving and accepting, while the others love is neurotic, stifling and ultimately destructive. These two mothers lived all their lives close or near to each other, but in terms of class they lived miles apart. Mrs. Johnstone a single and working class woman is earning a meagre living as a cleaning lady at the home of the affluent Mrs. Lyons. We are first introduced to Mrs. Johnstone, who describes her experience of a halfhearted marriage and the arrival of her numerous children. It is with a bittersweet attitude of acceptance that she explains the moment her husband deserts her, the costs of living for which she has little means and the news that she is expecting not one more mouth to feed but two. Mrs. Lyons does not need to go to work, only shopping. In contrast to this Mrs. Johnstone cannot even pay the milkman, she says, I said, I said, look, next week Ill pay y. We see the contrast of social classes between Mrs. Johnstones home and the home in which she cleans, the home of Mr. and Mrs. Lyons. Whilst the home of the Johnstones plays host to the constant clamour of childhood Games and battles, Mrs. Lyons is often alone whilst Mr. Lyons is on business, in an impeccable house that suffers somewhat from a cold and sterile atmosphere. The opening scenes develop this theme. All through the play we see significant differences between Mrs. Lyons and Mrs. Johnstone. In the beginning the Narrator describes Mrs. Johnstone as the mother, so cruel but this is not actually what he means. For instance, the fact that Mrs. Johnstone allows the boys to go to the cinema to watch the Swedish Au Pairs film could be seen as negligent, and we know that Mrs. Lyons would have definitely not been so liberal. In reality we see that Mrs. Johnstone has a better understanding and acceptance of the fact that young boys will be sexually curious and she does not try to suppress their curiosity. She is depicted as a down to earth and the more approachable mother- she of course gains instant credibility with her two sons. This incident also exemplifies that happiness when growing up is not assured by social status or wealth. Instead of viewing Mrs. Johnstone as a cruel character, we are lead to sympathise with her dilemma. We see her handle her house full of children with endless patience and tenderness. Despite being trapped by her social position and her lack of funds, she is down to earth and does not see money as the answer to her problems. We see her refuse money (for giving her child away) from the desperate Mrs. Lyons MRS LYONS: Thousands Im talking about thousands if you want it, and think what you could do with money like that. MRS JOHNSTONE: Id spend it. Id buy more junk and trash; thats all. I dont want your money. Ive made a life here. Its not much of one maybe, but I made it. In contrast, Mrs. Lyons is very aware of her social position and the above scene indicates that she sees money as a solution to the problem of Mrs. Johnstone. Mrs. Lyons is also portrayed as a cold woman who doesnt show much emotion. She is very over-protective of Eddie and fears his bond with the Johnstones. Later in the play this fear becomes more evident and she appears as a troubled, weird character that appears to be losing control this is evident when she attempts to attack Mrs. Johnstone with a kitchen knife. Mrs. Johnstone is very strong not only physically but also psychologically. She is not a person who cries for help and gets depressed and upset if something goes wrong. An example of this is highlighted on the way she copes ( laying on a smile for him ) with the judge when Sammy gets into trouble. In contrast to this Mrs. Lyons asks for help from her husband every time she has difficulty. She gets depressed very easily e. g. when Eddie isnt in the garden because he went away to play with Mickey, so Mrs. Lyons forces her husband to leave work during the day to find Eddie. She also runs away from problems whenever she can, rather than dealing with them e.g. she was prepared to move homes to split Eddie from Mickey.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Rainy Day :: essays research papers

It’s a rainy day today! I am sitting at my window and watching the beauty of nature. This is great sight! I love the scenes the nature has created today. Let me share it with you! The falling water droplets make the air cool and environment calm. When it starts raining slowly every one rushes to safe place to save them. Women rush to roof to take their cloth down to save from getting wet. Small children gets excited. You can easily see them jumping and trying to come out to take a feel of rain. Have you watched the scene on roads when it starts raining. †¦ ha ha its funny scene. Some people try to escape by running/ some try to take shelter under other’s roof / some take bag or books magazines on their head and try to escape. But this is all when it is weak rain. †¦ but when it is heavy rain one has no way. Even umbrellas are insufficient. The heavy lightning with thunderous sound†¦.. God save us! Prays the poor in his hut. Every one comes out on window and peeps out side scene. If you have a field in front you will hear songs of frog. Have u seen them when they speak/ their vocal sac. This seems like a baloon. The old ponders the rain scene and remembers his child hood and young days. He never forgets to guard his grand children waiting to jump in rain. Still u see the eager ness of children if they could have been permitted to take a bath. What is more that when it rains with heavy wind. U shut your door and window. And still manage to peep out side! †¦Ha ha ha !†¦ Hands off to God †¦.on this beautiful scene creation. How beautiful is the scene of nature! The black thunderous cloud, the fading day light due to its darkness, birds rushing to their nests. And the unique beauty of raining. Well this is not all. When it stops raining†¦. It’s a different pleasure! †¦. Small water droplets droping from wet leaves one after one.. creating different sounds when droping on water/ dry leaves/ wood or metal. Have you heard them! They sound great! Small children making paper boats and sailing them. On low lands water are logged.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Effects OF Watching Too Much Television Essay

Watching television is an experience shared by most adults and children. But the problem is that watching television for long periods of time has many bad effects. The purpose of this essay is to persuade the reader that people shouldn’t watch too much television. The first reason why people shouldn’t watch television for long periods of time is that it makes people waste time that could be used in more beneficial activities. This wasted time could be used to make useful activities like exercising, interacting with friends and family, and reading. The second reason is that the content of many television programs is not educational. Movies and series nowadays have lots of violence, sex, and drugs scenes. This tendency has very dangerous impact on children because they grow up with the idea of a world where problems can only be solved with money and violence and where wars are inevitable. The third reason is that watching television increases the audience desire in eating which causes obesity. Because they always sit in front of the screen and they forget to do physical exercises. After the invention of television on 1923, it is found that the rate of obesity, heart attacks, and eyesight problems is increasing. According to a new study, watching television too much increases the risk of dying at an earlier age, especially from heart disease. This research says that every hour you spend in front of the television increases the risk of dying from heart disease by 18 percent and increases the overall risk of death by 11 percent. However this doesn’t mean that we should ban television, but if we are going to watch it, we should do it with moderation.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Jane Eyre Marriage Quotes Essay

â€Å"He is not to them what he is to me,† I thought: â€Å"he is not of their kind. I believe he is of mine; – I am sure he is, – I feel akin to him, – I understand the language of his countenance and movements: though rank and wealth sever us widely, I have something in my brain and heart, in my blood and nerves, that assimilates me mentally to him. [†¦] I must, then, repeat continually that we are for ever sundered: – and yet, while I breathe and think I must love him.† (2.2.85) Seeing Rochester among his high-class houseguests, Jane realizes that he has more in common with her than he does with them. Despite Jane’s and Rochester’s different class backgrounds, their master-servant relationship, and the strict gender roles of Victorian society, Jane can tell that they share something intangible – but she doubts that they can overcome all the social obstacles keeping them apart. This isn’t the first time Jane has felt affection for someone – but it may be the first time she’s felt like somebody else. â€Å"Whenever I marry,† she continued, after a pause which none interrupted, â€Å"I am resolved my husband shall not be a rival, but a foil to me. I will suffer no competitor near the throne; I shall exact an undivided homage: his devotions shall not be shared between me and the shape he sees in his mirror.† (2.2.128) Blanche Ingram’s idea of a good marriage is one in which the partners are distinctly different and one partner is far superior to the other. As a stunning beauty, she doesn’t want a handsome husband, but a hideous one – that way she’ll always get all the attention. Notice how different this is from Jane’s (and Rochester’s) ideas about love and marriage–they’re drawn together because they are alike. Blanche thinks that opposites attract, but Jane knows that kindred spirits attract more strongly. Ere long, a bell tinkled, and the curtain drew up. Within the arch, the bulky figure of Sir George Lynn, whom Mr. Rochester had likewise chosen, was seen enveloped in a white sheet: before him, on a table, lay open a large book; and at his side stood Amy Eshton, draped in Mr. Rochester’s cloak, and holding a book in her hand. Somebody, unseen, rang the bell merrily; then Adà ¨le (who had insisted on being one of her guardian’s party) bounded forward, scattering round her the contents of a basket of flowers she carried on her arm. Then appeared the magnificent figure of Miss Ingram, clad in white, a long veil on her head, and a wreath of roses round her brow: by her side walked Mr. Rochester, and together they drew near the table. They knelt; while Mrs. Dent and Louisa Eshton, dressed also in white, took up their stations behind them. A ceremony followed, in dumb show, in which it was easy to recognize the pantomime of a marriage. (2.3.8) Blanche Ingram and Mr. Rochester pair up for an elaborate game of charades, and the first thing they do is play-act their own wedding, silently, in front of the other houseguests and Jane. This is the first of several not-quite-real weddings we’ll see in Jane Eyre, each of which suggests something about the actual marriages and pairings in the novel. In this particular case, the pretend wedding is meant to be a charade for the word â€Å"bride† – but that’s only the first half of the word being acted out in the game, which is â€Å"Bridewell,† a famous prison. Hmm, something that begins with a marriage ends with being in prison. Do you think that’s supposed to be some kind of OMEN or something? I saw he was going to marry her, for family, perhaps political reasons; because her rank and connexions suited him; I felt he had not given her his love, and that her qualifications were ill adapted to win from him that treasure. This was the point – this was where the nerve was touched and teazed – this was where the fever was sustained and fed: she could not charm him. (2.3.27, italics original) Jane is really hot and bothered by the idea that Rochester is going to marry Blanche, not just because she’s jealous, but also because she can tell that they are so unsuited and that Rochester himself knows exactly how flawed and unpleasant Blanche is. Jane herself knows exactly how to â€Å"charm† Rochester, how to argue with him and keep him amused and even how make him love her. Basically, the way Jane feels here is the way we feel when we see someone doing something badly that we know how to do well. She wants to take Rochester away and show Blanche how this relationship should be done – but she can’t. She has to watch and suffer in silence, as usual. I have not yet said anything condemnatory of Mr. Rochester’s project of marrying for interest and connexions. [†¦] All their class held these principles: I supposed, then, they had reasons for holding them such as I could not fathom. It seemed to me that, were I a gentleman like him, I would take to my bosom only such a wife as I could love; but the very obviousness of the advantages to the husband’s own happiness, offered by this plan, convinced me that there must be arguments against its general adoption of which I was quite ignorant: otherwise I felt sure all the world would act as I wished to act. (2.3.31) Jane doesn’t get why anyone would not marry for love, especially if they’re rich enough to do pretty much whatever they want, but she figures there must be some reason that so many people who are already wealthy and important insist on marrying to get more money and status instead of to make themselves happy. Notice that Jane doesn’t talk about her own ideas about marriage – only the ideas that she would have if she were in Rochester’s place. Somehow Jane can’t conceive of herself needing to make a choice about marrying for love or status – only of a man like Rochester doing so.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

History and Archaeology of Chinchorro Culture

History and Archaeology of Chinchorro Culture Chinchorro Culture (or Chinchorro Tradition or Complex) is what archaeologists call the archaeological remains of the sedentary fishing people of the arid coastal regions of northern Chile and southern Peru including the Atacama Desert. The Chinchorro are most famous for their detailed mummification practice that lasted for several thousand years, evolving and adapting over the period. The Chinchorro type site is a cemetery site in Arica, Chile, and it was discovered by Max Uhle in the early 20th century. Uhles excavations revealed a collection of mummies, among the earliest in the world. Read more about the Chinchorro Mummies The Chinchorro people subsisted using a combination of fishing, hunting and gatheringthe word Chinchorro means roughly fishing boat. They lived along the coast of the Atacama Desert of northern-most Chile from the Lluta valley to the Loa river and into southern Peru. The earliest sites (mostly middens) of the Chinchorro date as early as 7,000 BC at the site of Acha. The first evidence of mummification dates to approximately 5,000 BC, in the Quebrada de Camarones region, making the Chinchorro mummies the oldest in the world. Chinchorro Chronology 7020-5000 BC, Foundation5000-4800 BC, Initial4980-2700 BC, Classic2700-1900 BC, Transitional1880-1500 BC, Late1500-1100 BC Quiani Chinchorro Lifeways Chinchorro sites are primarily located on the coast, but there are a handful of inland and highland sites as well. All of them seem to follow a sedentary lifeway reliant on maritime resources. The predominant Chinchorro lifestyle appears to have been an early coastal sedentism, supported by fish, shellfish and sea mammals, and their sites all contain an extensive and sophisticated fishing tool assemblage. Coastal middens indicate a diet predominated by sea mammals, coastal birds, and fish. Stable isotope analysis of the hair and human bones from the mummies indicates that nearly 90 percent of Chinchorro diets came from maritime food sources, 5 percent from terrestrial animals and another 5 percent from terrestrial plants. Although only a handful of settlement sites have been identified to date, Chinchorro communities were likely small groups of huts housing single nuclear families, with a population size of approximately 30-50 individuals. Large shell middens were found by Junius Bird in the 1940s, adjacent to the huts at the site of Acha in Chile. The Quiana 9 site, dated to 4420 BC, contained the remains of several semicircular huts located on the slope of an Arica coastal hill. The huts there were built of posts with sea mammal skin roofs. Caleta Huelen 42, near the mouth of the Loa River in Chile, had several semisubterranean circular huts with superimposed floors, implying long-term ongoing settlement. Chinchorro and the Environment Marquet et al. (2012) completed an analysis of environmental changes of the Atacama coast during the 3,000-year span of the Chinchorro culture mummification process. Their conclusion: that the cultural and technological complexity evidenced in mummy construction and in fishing gear may have been brought about by environmental changes. They point out that the micro-climates within the Atacama desert fluctuated during the end of the Pleistocene, with several wet phases that resulted in higher ground tables, higher lake levels, and plant invasions, alternating with extreme aridity. The latest phase of the Central Andean Pluvial Event occurred between 13,800 and 10,000 years ago  when human settlement began in the Atacama. At 9,500 years ago, the Atacama had an abrupt onset of arid conditions, driving people out of the desert; another wet period between 7,800 and 6,700 brought them back. The effect of ongoing yo-yo climates was seen in population increases and decreases throughout the period. Marquet and colleagues argue that cultural complexitythat is to say, the sophisticated harpoons and other tackleemerged when the climate was reasonable, populations were high and plentiful fish and seafood were available. The cult of the dead exemplified by the elaborate mummification grew because the arid climate created natural mummies and subsequent wet periods exposed the mummies to the inhabitants at a time when dense populations spurred cultural innovations. Chinchorro and Arsenic The Atacama desert where many of the Chinchorro sites are located has elevated levels of copper, arsenic and other toxic metals. Trace amounts of the metals are present in the natural water resources  and have been identified in the hair and teeth of the mummies, and in the current coastal populations (Bryne et al). Percentages of arsenic concentrations within the mummies ranges from Archaeological Sites: Ilo (Peru), Chinchorro, El Morro 1, Quiani, Camarones, Pisagua Viejo, Bajo Mollo, Patillos, Cobija (all in Chile) Sources Allison MJ, Focacci G, Arriaza B, Standen VG, Rivera M, and Lowenstein JM. 1984. Chinchorro, momias de preparacià ³n complicada: Mà ©todos de momificacià ³n. Chungara: Revista de Antropologà ­a Chilena 13:155-173. Arriaza BT. 1994. Tipologà ­a de las momias Chinchorro y evolucià ³n de las prcticas de momificacià ³n. Chungara: Revista de Antropologà ­a Chilena 26(1):11-47. Arriaza BT. 1995. Chinchorro Bioarchaeology: Chronology and Mummy Seriation. Latin American Antiquity 6(1):35-55. Arriaza BT. 1995. Chinchorro Bioarchaeology: Chronology and Mummy Seriation. Latin American Antiquity 6(1):35-55. Byrne S, Amarasiriwardena D, Bandak B, Bartkus L, Kane J, Jones J, Yaà ±ez J, Arriaza B, and Cornejo L. 2010. Were Chinchorros exposed to arsenic? Arsenic determination in Chinchorro mummies hair by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Microchemical Journal 94(1):28-35. Marquet PA, Santoro CM, Latorre C, Standen VG, Abades SR, Rivadeneira MM, Arriaza B, and Hochberg ME. 2012. Emergence of social complexity among coastal hunter-gatherers in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition. Pringle H. 2001. The Mummy Congress: Science, Obsession, and the Everlasting Dead. Hyperion Books, Theia Press, New York. Standen VG. 2003. Bienes funerarios del cementerio Chinchorro Morro 1: descripcià ³n, anlisis e interpretacià ³n. Chungar (Arica) 35:175-207. Standen VG. 1997. Temprana Complejidad Funeraria de la Cultura Chinchorro (Norte de Chile). Latin American Antiquity 8(2):134-156. Standen VG, Allison MJ, and Arriaza B. 1984. Patologà ­as à ³seas de la poblacià ³n Morro-1, asociada al complejo Chinchorro: Norte de Chile. Chungara: Revista de Antropologà ­a Chilena 13:175-185. Standen VG, and Santoro CM. 2004. Patrà ³n funerario arcaico temprano del sitio Acha-3 y su relacià ³n con Chinchorro: Cazadores, pescadores y recolectores de la costa norte de Chile. Latin American Antiquity 15(1):89-109.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Cultural Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Diversity - Research Paper Example From this essay it is clear that diversity among students is promoted through field trips. One major example of these field trips is visiting the community. This helps to expand what children view the world beyond the confinement of the school boundary. The second example is through visiting interesting people in their communities. Every community has interesting people like female mechanics, male cook, a wheelchair athlete, and many others. Through this, students can understand and appreciate different people in the communities. Another example of the field trip is taking the students to a different place of works of their parents. This makes them understand the different people, their parents associate with, understand different occupations and create a more realistic view of the world in their minds.This paper discusses that  Maryland School has exposed and made its students understand and accept diversity through creation of certain activities performed in the school. The schoo l has a Parents Day, a day when all parents and their children are required to share their culture and establish in their children’s. They carry out numerous activities that display their culture depending on the interest of the parents and their children’s. Cooking, cultural meals, performing folk songs, dance, and tales about their culture are performed.  The school should allow its students to visit other schools in the community.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Therapeutic encounter exercise with reflective piece Essay

Therapeutic encounter exercise with reflective piece - Essay Example Despite of that, the patient shows strong long-term memory and upper body. He is sociable and is partially-independent. With his current state, the barriers, goals and facilitators were discussed as his findings had shown. The goal of the nurse is to assist the patient to become independent as much as possible with support and care that he needs especially for the tasks that he cannot perform. Therapeutic encounter involves the life-changing perceptions of the client towards himself with the assistance of health practitioner who regularly reflects and makes great influence to the client (Pickhardt, 2011, paragraph 7). The practice is related to helping the client cope up with his situation and changing his perspective in life for the better. With that in mind, empathy becomes an important factor in therapeutic encounter which is known as a â€Å"cognitive attribute that involves an understanding of experiences, concerns and perspectives of the patient, combined with a capacity to communicate this understanding,† (Convingtonn, 2003 as seen in Rakel et.al. 2011). The existence of empathy then creates a bond that allows the health practitioner to assist to connect and to help the patient in the process of healing. For the case of the study, the therapeutic encounter was linked to Orem approach which is a model that allows the nurse to assist the patient with self-care. The patient slowly learned how to take care of himself through the guidance of the nurse instead of the nurse doing everything for the patient (Pearson, Vaughan, and Fitzgerald, 1996, p. 5). Enhancing the capabilities of the patient to take care of himself would render him to be self-sufficient in some ways. The following information is divided into four sections: findings, facilitators and barriers as well as one main nursing goal with thorough discussion for each. The findings are based on the